HEAD AND NECK Flashcards
Head
The ___________passes upward just in front of the ear, where it is readily palpable.
superficial temporal artery
Neck
visualize the borders of the two triangles as follows:
A, P
Anterior cervical triangle
posterior cervical triangle
Great Vessels
Deep to the SCM muscles run the great vessels of the neck:
the __________ and the_______
The _________ passes diagonally over the
surface of the SCM muscle and may be helpful when trying
to identify the jugular venous pressure
carotid artery
internal jugular vein
external jugular vein
Midline Structures and Thyroid Gland
The_________is usually located above the suprasternal
notch.
thyroid gland
Thyroid Mass, Nodule, or Goiter
Assess thyroid function and ask about any enlargement of
the thyroid gland, or ___________. To evaluate thyroid function,
ask about temperature intolerance and sweating
goiter
PAINS IN THE NECK
Description:
Aching pain in the cervical paraspinal muscles and ligaments with associated muscle spasm and stiffness and tightness in the upper back and shoulder lasting up to 6 weeks
Causes:
poor posture, stress, poor sleep, poor head position
Physical signs
no neurologic deficits, possible trigger points in fibromyalgia
mechanical neck pain
PAINS IN THE NECK
Description:
Mechanical neck pain with aching paracervical pain and stiffness, often beginning the day after injury.
occipital headache, dizziness, malaise, and fatigue may be present.
Causes
hyperflexion and hyperextension
injury to the neck as in rear end collision
Physical signs
fracture, herniation, decreased range of motion
mechanical injury:
cervical strain/ whiplash
PAINS IN THE NECK
Description:
Sharp burning or
tingling pain in the neck
and one arm, with
associated paresthesias
and/or weakness that
follow a neurologic
(dermotomal/myotomal)
pattern.
Physical symptoms
C7 nerve root weakness in triceps
C6 nerve root weakness in biceps
Cervical radiculopathy from nerve root compression
PAINS IN THE NECK
DESCRIPTION:
neck pain with bilateral weakness and paresthesias in both upper and lower extremities, often with urinary frequency
CAUSES:
cervical spondylosis, defined as cervical degenerative disc diseases from spurs, degenerative thickening of ligamentum flavum
SYMPTOMS:
+ Babinski
+ Hoffman sign
+ Lhermitte sign: neck flexion due to electric shock
cervical myelopatht (cervical cord compression)
Lymph nodes
Note lymph node size, shape, delimitation (discrete or
matted together), mobility, consistency, and any
tenderness. Small, mobile, discrete, nontender nodes,
sometimes termed “______,” are frequently found in normal
people.
shotty
Trachea
_________is an ominous, high-pitched musical sound from
severe subglottic or tracheal obstruction that signals a
respiratory emergency. Causes include epiglottitis,2
foreign body, goiter, and stenosis from placement of an
artificial airway
stridor
_________ is one of the most common symptoms in clinical
practice, with a lifetime prevalence of 30% in the general
population.7,8 Among types of headaches, tension headache
predominates, affecting half of all individuals during their
lifetime
headache
_____________ classically presents as “the worst headache of my life” with instantaneous onset.
severe headache and stiff neck accompany ________.
_________ is often preceded by an aura or prodrome, and is highly likely if three of the five “POUND” features are present
subarachnoid hemorrhage
meningitis
migraine headache
SELECTED FACIES
The increased adrenal cortisol production of ________produces a
round or “moon” face with red cheeks. Excessive hair growth may be present in the mustache, sideburn areas, and chin (as well as the chest, abdomen, and thighs)
Cushing syndrome
SELECTED FACIES
Glomerular disease causes excess albumin excretion, which reduces
intravascular colloid osmotic pressure, causing hypovolemia, then sodium and water retention. The face becomes edematous and often pale. Swelling usually appears first around the eyes and in the morning. When severe, the
eyes appear slit like.
nephrotic syndrome
