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CLINICAL MEDICINE > GENERAL SURVEY PPT > Flashcards

GENERAL SURVEY PPT Flashcards

1
Q

patients appearance description
observation of the patient begins with the first moments of your interaction

A

general survey

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2
Q

level of patient that gives them most comfort or relief

_________ - sit up and lean forward (tripod position

_________- sitting position
_________-prefer supine position
_________- lying on one side (down with the good lung)
_________-squatting position
_________-doubles up or fetal position

A

orthopnea
platypnea
trepopnea
TOF
pancreatitis

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3
Q

awake, opens eyes
looks at you
responds fully and appropriately to stimuli

A

alertness

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4
Q

appears drowsy but open eyes and looks at you
respond to questions
follows command

A

lethargy

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5
Q

opens eyes and looks at you
responds slowly
somewhat confused
alertness and interest in the environment are decreased

A

Obtundation

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6
Q

arouses from sleep only after a painful stimuli
verbal responses are slow or even absent
patient lapses into an unresponsive state

apply a painful stimulus

A

stuporous

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7
Q

asleep
remains arousable with eyes closed
no evident response to any painful stimuli
apply repeated painful stimuli

A

comatose/unconscious

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8
Q

GLASGOW COMA SCALE

14-15 = ______
11-13= ______
6-10 =________
4-5 = _________
3= _________

A

fully awake
lethargy
stuporous
semi coma
comatose

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9
Q

odors for
DKA: ___________
liver failure:_______
tuberculosis:___________
bronchiectasis:_____________
melena: ________

A

acetone
must odor
stale beer
bad breath
fishy foul smell

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10
Q

GAIT ABNORMALITIES

spinal cord disease with lower extremities spaticity

gait is stiff, patient advanced his legs slowly and thighs tend to cross forward on each other every step

steps are short

A

scissors gait

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11
Q

GAIT ABNORMALITIES

basal ganglia defects of Parkinson

posture is stopped with flexion of head arms. hip and knees

slow in getting started
arms swings are decreased and patient turns around stiffly “all in one piece”

A

parkinsonian gait

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12
Q

GAIT ABNORMALITIES

seen in disease of the cerebellum
gait is staggering, unsteady, and wide based

exaggerated difficulty on turns

A

cerebellar ataxia

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13
Q

_________ are rhythmic oscillatory movements

A

tremprs

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14
Q

TREMORS AND INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS

tremors prominent at rest
disappear or decrease with voluntary movements
ex: parkinsonism

A

resting tremors

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15
Q

TREMORS AND INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS

appears when the affected part is maintaining a posture
may worsen somewhat with intention

A

postural tremors (action)

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16
Q

TREMORS AND INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS

absent at rest
appear with activity
disorders of cerebellar pathways like multiple sclerosis

A

intention tremors

17
Q

slower and more twisting than chorea
larger ampiltude
most commonly involve the face and distal extremities

A

athetosis

18
Q

similar to athetoid movements
often involve larger portions of the body including trunk
grotesque twisted postures may result due to:

  1. spasmodic torticolis
  2. phenazolthiazines
  3. primary torsion dystonia
A

dystonia

19
Q

brief, rapid, jerky and unpredictable
occur at rest or interrupt normal coordinated movements
due to sydenhams’s chorea
and huntington’s

A

chorea

20
Q

abnormalities in speech

less severe impairment in volume, quality or pitch of voice

due to: laryngitis, laryngeal tumors, vocal cord paralysis (CN X)

A

dysphonia

21
Q

abnormalities in speech

defect in muscular control of speech
due to motor lesions of central and peripheral n.s.

due to parkinsonism and cerebellar disease

A

dysarthria

22
Q

abnormalities in speech

disorder in producing/understanding language

due to lesions of dominant hemisphere

A

aphasia

23
Q

TYPES OF APHASIA

lesion on post. inferior frontal lobe
inflection and articulation are impaired but words are meaningful
telegraphic speech

A

broca’s aphasia

24
Q

abnormalities in speech

can hear words but cannot relate them to previous experiences
fluent speech, often rapid
sentences lack meaning

A

wernicke aphasia

25
Q

abnormalities in speech

word comprehension is absent or reduced to patient’s name

reading comprehension is severely impaired

spontaneous speech absent or reduced to only few words or sounds

A

global aphasia

26
Q

abnormal breathing

rapid breathing
tachypnea and hyperpnea
air hunger
causes: metabolic acidosis

A

kaussmaul breathing

27
Q

abnormal breathing

periods of deep and fast breathing then becomes shallow the slow

crescendo and decrescendoo

examples: heart failure, uremia, increased ICP, brain damage

A

cheyne stokes breathing

28
Q

abnormal breathing

unpredictable irregularities
periods of apnea occur at irregular pattern

causes respiratory failure
brain damage (medulla) increased ICP

A

CLINICAL MEDICINE (4 decks)

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