GENERAL SURVEY PPT Flashcards
patients appearance description
observation of the patient begins with the first moments of your interaction
general survey
level of patient that gives them most comfort or relief
_________ - sit up and lean forward (tripod position
_________- sitting position
_________-prefer supine position
_________- lying on one side (down with the good lung)
_________-squatting position
_________-doubles up or fetal position
orthopnea
platypnea
trepopnea
TOF
pancreatitis
awake, opens eyes
looks at you
responds fully and appropriately to stimuli
alertness
appears drowsy but open eyes and looks at you
respond to questions
follows command
lethargy
opens eyes and looks at you
responds slowly
somewhat confused
alertness and interest in the environment are decreased
Obtundation
arouses from sleep only after a painful stimuli
verbal responses are slow or even absent
patient lapses into an unresponsive state
apply a painful stimulus
stuporous
asleep
remains arousable with eyes closed
no evident response to any painful stimuli
apply repeated painful stimuli
comatose/unconscious
GLASGOW COMA SCALE
14-15 = ______
11-13= ______
6-10 =________
4-5 = _________
3= _________
fully awake
lethargy
stuporous
semi coma
comatose
odors for
DKA: ___________
liver failure:_______
tuberculosis:___________
bronchiectasis:_____________
melena: ________
acetone
must odor
stale beer
bad breath
fishy foul smell
GAIT ABNORMALITIES
spinal cord disease with lower extremities spaticity
gait is stiff, patient advanced his legs slowly and thighs tend to cross forward on each other every step
steps are short
scissors gait
GAIT ABNORMALITIES
basal ganglia defects of Parkinson
posture is stopped with flexion of head arms. hip and knees
slow in getting started
arms swings are decreased and patient turns around stiffly “all in one piece”
parkinsonian gait
GAIT ABNORMALITIES
seen in disease of the cerebellum
gait is staggering, unsteady, and wide based
exaggerated difficulty on turns
cerebellar ataxia
_________ are rhythmic oscillatory movements
tremprs
TREMORS AND INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS
tremors prominent at rest
disappear or decrease with voluntary movements
ex: parkinsonism
resting tremors
TREMORS AND INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS
appears when the affected part is maintaining a posture
may worsen somewhat with intention
postural tremors (action)
TREMORS AND INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS
absent at rest
appear with activity
disorders of cerebellar pathways like multiple sclerosis
intention tremors
slower and more twisting than chorea
larger ampiltude
most commonly involve the face and distal extremities
athetosis
similar to athetoid movements
often involve larger portions of the body including trunk
grotesque twisted postures may result due to:
- spasmodic torticolis
- phenazolthiazines
- primary torsion dystonia
dystonia
brief, rapid, jerky and unpredictable
occur at rest or interrupt normal coordinated movements
due to sydenhams’s chorea
and huntington’s
chorea
abnormalities in speech
less severe impairment in volume, quality or pitch of voice
due to: laryngitis, laryngeal tumors, vocal cord paralysis (CN X)
dysphonia
abnormalities in speech
defect in muscular control of speech
due to motor lesions of central and peripheral n.s.
due to parkinsonism and cerebellar disease
dysarthria
abnormalities in speech
disorder in producing/understanding language
due to lesions of dominant hemisphere
aphasia
TYPES OF APHASIA
lesion on post. inferior frontal lobe
inflection and articulation are impaired but words are meaningful
telegraphic speech
broca’s aphasia
abnormalities in speech
can hear words but cannot relate them to previous experiences
fluent speech, often rapid
sentences lack meaning
wernicke aphasia
