CARDIO I

Question 1

The mediastinum houses the
heart and its great vessels—the ______, _____, _____, and ______

Answer 1

aorta
pulmonary artery
superior and inferior vena cava

Question 2

the ______ is the most anterior structure of the heart

Answer 2

right ventricle

Question 3

Its
tapered inferior tip is often termed the cardiac apex. It is
clinically important because it produces the apical impulse,
identified during palpation of the precordium as the ____________.

This impulse locates the left
border of the heart and is normally found in the fifth
intercostal space at or just medial to the left midclavicular
line (or 7 to 9 cm lateral to the midsternal line).

Answer 3

point of maximal impulse

Question 4

a PMI ________ is evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), often seen in hypertension or dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 4

more than >2.5 cm

Question 5

Displacement of the PMI lateral to the midclavicular line
or _______ cm lateral to the midsternal line occurs in LVH and
also in ventricular dilatation from myocardial infarction
(MI) or heart failure.

Answer 5

> 10 cm lateral to the midsternal lin3e

Question 6

In most adults, the diastolic sounds of __________ are
pathologic, and are correlated with systolic and diastolic
heart failure

Answer 6

S3 and S4

Question 7

An ________corresponds to an abrupt deceleration of inflow
across the mitral valve.
An ______corresponds to increased left ventricular end
diastolic stiffness which decreases compliance.

Answer 7

S3, S4

Question 8

An S3 corresponds to a______
An S4 corresponds to ______

Answer 8

abrupt deceleration of inflow across the mitral valve - S3

increased left ventricular end diastolic stiffness which decreases compliance - S4

Question 9

The __________describes the complete movement of the
heart and includes the period from the beginning of one
heartbeat to the beginning of the next one

Answer 9

cardiac cycle

Question 10

___________is the period of ventricular
contraction when the left ventricle ejects blood into the
aorta. After the ventricle ejects much of its blood into the
aorta, the pressure levels off and starts to fall. Ventricular
pressure falls further, and blood flows from atrium to
ventricle. This period of ventricular relaxation is called
__________

Answer 10

systole
diastole

Question 11

Events of the cardiac cycle

Closure of the _____ and the
_______ valve in the right side of the heart produce the first
heart sound, S1.

Answer 11

mitral valve and tricuspid valve

Question 12

Events of the cardiac cycle

In some pathologic conditions, an _________ (Ej) accompanies the opening of the aortic valves

Answer 12

early systolic ejection sound