Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Functional Anatomy > Spine (6A/6B) > Flashcards

Spine (6A/6B) Flashcards

1
Q

Spine

A
  • cervical = 7 vertebrae (8 cervical spinal nerves)
  • thoracic = 12 vertebrae
  • lumbar = 5 vertabrae
  • sacrum = 5 vertabrae (fused into 1 unit)
  • coccyx = 1 unit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Splenii

A
  • splenius capitus
  • splenius cervicus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Attachments of splenii

A
  • inferior (stationary) = spinous processes of spine
  • superior = skull, transverse processes of spine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Innervation of splenii

A

Dorsal rami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Actions of splenii

A
  • rotate the head and neck to the same side (unilaterally)
  • laterally flex the head and neck to the same side (unilaterally)
  • extend the head and neck (bilaterally)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Erector spinae group

A

Lateral to medial
- iliocostalis
- longissimus
- spinalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Attachments of erector spinae group

A
  • inferior (stationary) = lower T-spine and L-spine spinous processes and thoracolumbar fascia
  • superior = C-spine and T-spine transverse processes, skull, and ribs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Innervation of erector spinae group

A

Dorsal rami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Actions of erector spinae group

A
  • laterally flex vertebral column to the same side (unilaterally)
  • extend the vertebral column (bilaterally)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Transversospinalis group

A

Longest to shortest (fiber length)
- semispinalis
- multifidi
- rotatores

  • ex question = what plane does unilateral contraction of transversospinalis does? Transverse plan
  • while erector group muscles are long and span the back, transversospinalis are short and only span a few vertebrae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Attachments of transversospinalis group

A
  • inferior (stationary) = transverse processes of vertebrae
  • superior = spinous processes of vertebrae and nuchal line (semispinalis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Innervation of transversospinalis group

A

Dorsal rami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Actions of transversospinalis group

A
  • rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side (unilaterally)
  • extend the vertebral column and head (bilaterally)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Attachments of serratus posterior superior and inferior

A
  • small and feather-like like their anterior counterpart
  • proximal = spine
  • distal = ribs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Innervation of serratus posterior superior and inferior

A

Dorsal rami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Actions of serratus posterior superior and inferior

A
  • elevates ribs during respiration (superior)
  • depress ribs during respiration (inferior)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Attachments of quadratics lumborum

A
  • deep to erector spinae (and thoracodorsal fascia) in lumbar region
  • inferior (stationary) = iliac crest of pelvis
  • superior = lowest ribs and transverse processes of lumbar spine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Innervation of quadratics lumborum

A

Lumbar plexus (ventral rami)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Actions of quadratics lumborum

A
  • laterally flex vertebral column to the same side (unilaterally)
  • fix the last rib during forced inhalation and exhalation (bilaterally)
  • assist to extend vertebral column (bilaterally)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Open-chain

A

Involve free movement of the distal body segment in space, allowing joints to move together or independently of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Closed chain

A

Involves proximal joint(s) moving in relation to a fixed (non moving) distal segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Resistance more than effort

A

Nothing happens, the body can’t move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Resistance equals effort

A

Isometric contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Effort more than resistance

A

Concentric or eccentric contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Resistance arm

A

Distance from the joint doing the work (action) to resistance

the longer the resistance arm, the more effort the muscle has to exert to overcome this force

26
Q

Concentric contraction

A

Going against gravity

27
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

Going with gravity

28
Q

Attachments of sternocleidomastoid

A
  • it says its attachment points = sternum, clavicle, mastoid process of temporal base of skull
  • runs at an angle
  • inferior (stationary) = sternum and clavicle
  • superior = mastoid process of temporal bone
29
Q

Innervation of sternocleidomastoid

A

Accessory nerve (CN VI) and C2-3

30
Q

Actions of sternocleidomastoid

A
  • laterally flex the head and neck to the same side (unilaterally)
  • rotate the head and neck to the opposite side (unilaterally)
  • flex the neck (bilaterally)
  • assist to elevate the rib cage during inhalation (moving the inferior attachment, sternum, for respiration, inspiration)
31
Q

Scalenes

A
  • anterior
  • middle
  • posterior
  • brachial plexus goes right through the anterior and middle scalenes
    • if the muscles get tight, what happens? Squeezes the brachial plexus (leading to numbness and muscle weakness)
32
Q

Attachments of scalenes

A
  • inferior (stationary) = 1st and 2nd ribs
  • superior = transverse processes of C-spine
33
Q

Innervation of scalenes

A

Ventral rami

34
Q

Actions of scalenes

A
  • with ribs fixed, laterally flex the head and neck to the same side (unilaterally)
  • rotate the head and neck to the opposite side (unilaterally)
  • elevate ribs during inhalation (bilaterally with inferior attachment in movement)
  • flex the head and neck (bilaterally)
35
Q

Attachments of subclavius

A
  • small little muscle that sits under the clavicle
  • proximal = 1st rib
  • distal = clavicle
36
Q

Innervation of subclavius

A

Nerve to subclavius

37
Q

Actions of subclavius

A
  • lifts 1st rib in inhalation (important for respiration)
38
Q

Linea alba

A
  • connective tissue spanning from sternum to pubic symphysis
  • an attachment point for abdominal muscles
39
Q

Rectus abdominus

A
  • encased in rectus sheath
  • easy to move both attachments
  • antagonists of erector muscles of back
40
Q

Attachments of rectus abdominus

A
  • inferior (stationary) = pubic symphysis
  • superior = ribs
41
Q

Innervation of rectus abdominus

A

Ventral rami

42
Q

Actions of rectus abdominus

A
  • flex the vertebral column (bilaterally)
43
Q

Obliques

A
  • internal and external obliques form abdominal wall
  • internal deep to external
  • important for compressing abdominal contents
  • muscle fibers run in opposite directions
  • internal and external are antagonists
  • unilaterally muscle contraction on SAME side in rotation = ANTAGONISTS
  • lateral flexion = AGONISTS
44
Q

Attachments of obliques

A
  • inferior (stationary) = iliac crest, linea alba
  • superior = ribs
45
Q

Innervation of obliques

A

Ventral rami

46
Q

Actions of obliques

A
  • laterally flex vertebral column to the same side (unilaterally)
  • rotate vertebral column to the same side (unilaterally)
  • flex the vertebral column (bilaterally)
  • compress abdominal contents (bilaterally)
  • external = bilaterally flex spine
  • external = unilaterally rotate to opposite side (antagonists)
  • internal = unilaterally rotate to same side (antagonists)
  • laterally flex to the same side (unilaterally- agonists)
  • when all contracts = stabilizes
47
Q

Attachments of transverse abdominis

A
  • deep to abdominal muscles
  • wraps around at thoracolumbar fascia to rectus sheath and linea alba
48
Q

Innervation of transverse abdominis

A

Ventral rami

49
Q

Actions of transverse abdominis

A
  • compress abdominal contents (stabilizer)
  • stabilizes with lifting
50
Q

Attachments of intercostals

A
  • between ribs
51
Q

Innervation of intercostals

A

Ventral rami

52
Q

Actions of intercostals

A
  • lifts and depresses ribs for respiration
53
Q

Diaphragm

A

Forms the floor of thoracic cavity

54
Q

Innervation of diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve (C3-5)

55
Q

Actions of diaphragm

A
  • draw down the central tendon of the diaphragm
  • increase the volume of thoracic cavity during inhalation (by contraction)
56
Q

Inhalation

A

Ribs elevate

57
Q

Expiration

A

Ribs depress

58
Q

Inhalation muscles

A
  • scalenes
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • serratus posterior superior
  • subclavius
  • pectoralis minor
59
Q

Expiration muscles

A
  • serratus posterior inferior
  • quadratus lumborum
  • rectus abdominus
60
Q

Levator ani and coccygeus

A
  • pelvic floor muscles
  • continuous membrane of muscles that form the floor of pelvis (known as diaphragm)
  • pelvic floor weakness occurs following birth (especially vagina birth)
  • with all muscles, decrease in stretch and girth as we age
61
Q

Innervation of levator ani and coccygeus

A

Sacral nerves

62
Q

Actions of levator ani and coccygeus

A
  • regulate urination and defection (actively)
  • support reproductive organs (passively)
  • stabilization
  • preservation of control and ability to support pelvic organs against gravity both at rest and unexpected loads

Functional Anatomy (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions