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Functional Anatomy > Hip And Pelvis (7A) > Flashcards

Hip And Pelvis (7A) Flashcards

1
Q

Bones and pertinent bony landmarks of the pelvis

A
  • ilium
  • pubis
  • ischium
  • anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
  • posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)
  • obturator foramen (where the obturator nerve passes through)
  • ischial tuberosity
  • iliac crest
  • acetabulum
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2
Q

Bones and pertinent landmarks of femur

A
  • head
  • neck
  • greater trochanter
  • lesser trochanter
  • trochanteric fossa
  • shaft
  • lateral epicondyle
  • medial epicondyle
  • lateral condyle
  • medial condyle
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3
Q

Hip joint

A
  • an articulating joint between the acetabulum of the pelvis and the femur
  • called as the coxal joint in the textbook
  • when we put our hands on the hip, really we are touching the iliac crest (not the actual hip joint)
  • femur = thigh
  • leg = distal to the knee (tibia and fibula)
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4
Q

Ilipsoas

A
  • flex hip = strongest action
  • iliacus and psoas major
  • very powerful muscle, rarely weak in health people
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5
Q

Attachments of iliopsoas

A
  • proximal = transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and iliac fossa
  • distal = lesser trochanter of femur
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6
Q

Innervation of iliopsoas

A
  • L1-L3
  • femoral nerve

is part of the core, so it is super strong

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7
Q

Actions of iliopsoas

A

Open chain movements:
- flex the hip
- externally rotate the hip
Closed chain movements:
- flex the trunk toward the thigh
- tilt pelvis anteriorly
Unilaterally:
- laterally flex lumbar spine (assist)

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8
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A
  • large strong muscle for extending the hip
  • extend hip = strongest action
  • muscle fibers run in different directions

is the most powerful when the hip is flexed meaning when you squat and you need to get up, you’re using that muscle

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9
Q

Attachments of gluteus maximus

A
  • proximal = sacrum, coccyx, and posterior iliac crest
  • distal = iliotibial tract (IT tract AKA IT band: a tendonous sheath) and posterior femur
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10
Q

Innervation of gluteus maximus

A
  • inferior gluteal nerve
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11
Q

Actions of gluteus maximus

A

All fibers:
- extend the hip
- externally rotate the hip
- abduct the hip
Lower fibers:
- adduct the hip

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12
Q

Tensor fasciae latae (TFL)

A
  • abduct hip = strongest action
  • small muscle belly on anterior ilium that becomes the IT tract (IT band)
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13
Q

Attachments of tensor fascia latae

A
  • proximal = iliac crest outer lip (outside flare) and ASIS
  • distal = lateral condyle of tibia (the textbook says IT band which attaches there)
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14
Q

Innervation of tensor fascia latae (TFL)

A
  • superior gluteal nerve
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15
Q

Actions of tensor fascia latae

A
  • flex the hip
  • internally rotate the hip
  • abduct the hip
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16
Q

Gluteus medius

A
  • abduct hip = strongest action
  • deep to gluteus maximus
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17
Q

Attachments of gluteus medius

A
  • proximal = posterior ilium
  • distal = greater trochanter of femur
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18
Q

Innervation of gluteus medius

A
  • superior gluteal nerve
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19
Q

Actions of gluteus medius

A
  • kind of similar to the deltoid of how it’s shaped
    All fibers:
  • abduct the hip
    Anterior fibers:
  • flex the hip
  • internally rotate the hip
    Posterior fibers:
  • extend the hip
  • externally rotate the hip
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20
Q

Gluteus minimus

A
  • smallest of the three gluteus muscles
  • the deepest of the three
  • abduct hip = strongest action
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21
Q

Attachments of gluteus minimus

A
  • proximal = posterior ilium
  • distal = anterior greater trochanter (unlike the medius which spans the entire trochanter, hence less actions)
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22
Q

Innervation of gluteus minimus

A
  • superior gluteal nerve
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23
Q

Actions of gluteus minimus

A
  • abduct the hip
  • internally rotate the hip
  • flex the hip
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24
Q

Pectineus

A
  • most proximal distal attachment (AKA shortest) of the adductors
  • adduct hip = strongest action
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25
Q

Attachments of pectineus

A
  • proximal = pubic bone
  • distal = proximal aspect of medial femur
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26
Q

Innervation of pectineus

A
  • femoral nerve
  • obturator nerve
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27
Q

Adductor longus

A
  • not the strongest adductor of the muscles that adduct the hip
  • adduct hip = strongest action
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28
Q

Attachments of adductor longus

A
  • proximal = pubic bone
  • distal = mid shaft aspect of medial femur
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29
Q

Innervation of adductor longus

A
  • obturator nerve
30
Q

Adductor brevis

A
  • deep to adductor longus and pectineus
  • adduct hip = strongest action
31
Q

Attachments of adductor brevis

A
  • proximal = pubic bone
  • distal = medial femur, between pectineus and longus (and deep to it)
32
Q

Innervation of adductor brevis

A
  • obturator nerve
33
Q

Actions of pectineus, adductor longus, and adductor brevis

A
  • adduct the hip
  • internally rotate the hip
  • flex the hip (assist)
  • internally rotate the flexed knee
34
Q

Adductor Magnus

A
  • largest hip adductor
  • adduct hip = strongest action
35
Q

Attachments of adductor magnus

A
  • proximal = pubic bone and ischium (these bones are oriented anterior/posterior, so the muscle makes a 90 degree turn to attach to its distal attachment)
  • distal = medial shaft of femur
36
Q

Innervation of adductor Magnus

A
  • obturator nerve
  • sciatic nerve
37
Q

Actions of adductor magnus

A
  • adduct the hip
  • internally rotate the hip
  • flex the hip (assist)
  • internally rotate the flexed knee
    Posterior fibers:
  • extend the hip
38
Q

Gracilis

A
  • longest (most fusiform) of all adductors
  • fusiform = most ROM generated
  • adduct hip = strongest action
  • crosses the knee (moves it weakly though)
39
Q

Attachments of gracilis

A
  • proximal = pubic bone
  • distal = proximal/medial tibia
40
Q

Innervation of gracilis

A
  • obturator nerve
41
Q

Actions of gracilis

A
  • adduct the hip
  • internally rotate the hip
  • flex the knee
  • internally rotate the flexed knee
42
Q

Piriformis

A
  • most superior of hip ER muscles
  • externally rotate hip = strongest action
  • implicated in sciatica = old person disease (muscles get tight and the nerve gets pinched)
43
Q

Attachments of piriformis

A
  • proximal = sacrum
  • distal = greater trochanter, superior aspect
44
Q

Innervation of piriformis

A
  • sacral plexus
45
Q

Actions of piriformis

A
  • externally rotate the hip
  • abduct the hip when the hip is flexed
46
Q

Obturator externus

A
  • most anterior of hip external rotators
  • externally rotate hip = strongest action
47
Q

Attachments of obturator externus

A
  • proximal = ischium and anterior pubic bone
  • distal = trochanteric fossa of femur (the dip between the head and the greater trochanter)

**this muscle moves anterior to posterior which is why it externally rotates, not adducts nor internally rotates

48
Q

Innervation of obturator externus

A
  • obturator nerve
49
Q

Actions of obturator externus

A
  • externally rotate the hip
50
Q

Obturator internus

A
  • externally rotate hip = strongest action
51
Q

Attachments of obturator internus

A
  • proximal = inferior surface of obturator foramen
  • distal = medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
52
Q

Innervation of obturator internus

A
  • sacral plexus
53
Q

Actions of obturator internus

A
  • externally rotate the hip
54
Q

Gemelli

A
  • consists of gemellus superior and gemellus inferior
  • deep to obturator internus (obturator internus does attach to ischium too, just more medially)
  • externally rotate hip = strongest action
55
Q

Attachments of gemelli

A
  • proximal = ischium
  • distal = medial surface of greater trochanter
56
Q

Innervation of gemelli

A
  • sacral plexus
57
Q

Actions of gemelli

A
  • externally rotate the hip
58
Q

Quadratus femoris

A
  • like the other “quadratus”, it is broad and flat (like pronation quadratus and quadratus lumborum)
  • is most inferior of ER muscles
59
Q

Attachments of quadratus femorus

A
  • proximal = pubic bone and ischium
  • distal = trochanteric fossa of femur
60
Q

Innervation of quadratus femorus

A
  • sacral plexus
61
Q

Actions of quadratus femorus

A
  • externally rotate the hip
62
Q

Open chain movement of iliopsoas

A
  • flexing the knee like marching
63
Q

Closed chain movement of iliopsoas

A
  • flexing the trunk towards the thigh (squatting down)
  • tilts pelvis anteriorly
64
Q

Open chain movement in sagittal plane of gluteus maximus

A
  • extend the hip
65
Q

Closed chain movement in sagittal plane of gluteus maximus

A
  • coming up from a squat
66
Q

Open chain movement in frontal plane of gluteus medius and minimus and TFL to an extent

A
  • abducts hip
67
Q

Closed chain movement in frontal plane of gluteus medius and minimus and TFL to an extent

A
  • elevates the opposite hip
  • when standing on one leg, then dropping your opposite hip, that is gluteus medius not contracting and while still standing on that same leg, the gluteus medius contracts to elevate the hip to make pelvis level
68
Q

Open chain in frontal plane in hip adductors

A
  • adducts the hip
69
Q

Closed chain movement in frontal plane of hip adductors

A
  • elevates the same hip
70
Q

Closed chain movement of hip internal rotation

A
  • rotating the pelvis away from the body
71
Q

Closed chain movement of hip external rotation

A
  • rotating the pelvis towards the body

Functional Anatomy (8 decks)

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