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Functional Anatomy > Skull, Face, And Throat (5B) > Flashcards

Skull, Face, And Throat (5B) Flashcards

1
Q

Cranium

A
  • roof of skull
  • base
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2
Q

Roof of skull

A
  • frontal
  • occipital
  • parietal (2)
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3
Q

Base of skull

A
  • temporal (2)
  • ethmoid
  • sphenoid
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4
Q

Face

A
  • portions of eye socket
  • nose
  • cheek bones
  • jaw bones
  • visible from inferior view
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5
Q

Portions of eye socket

A
  • lacrimal (2)
    lacrimal glands = tear ducts
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6
Q

Nose

A
  • nasal bone
  • nasal concha
  • vomer
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7
Q

Cheek bones

A
  • zygomatic (2)
  • maxilla
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8
Q

Jaw bone

A
  • mandible
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9
Q

Visible from inferior view

A
  • palatine (connects maxilla to vomer)
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10
Q

Mastoid process

A

Distal attachment point for sternocleidomastoid

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11
Q

Temporal-mandibular joint (TMJ)

A
  • synovial joint
  • not many synovial joints in the skull, face area
  • keeps us alive (feeding, communication)
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12
Q

Zygomatic arch

A

Attachment point for important muscles in TMJ

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13
Q

External occipital protuberance

A

Posterior muscles

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14
Q

Muscles of mastication and speech

A
  • masseter
  • temporalis
  • pterygoids
  • lateral pterygoid
  • medial pterygoid
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15
Q

Attachments of masseter

A
  • workhorse
  • proximal = zygomatic arch
  • distal = mandible
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16
Q

Innervation of masseter

A

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

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17
Q

Actions of masseter

A
  • elevates mandible (closes mouth)
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18
Q

Attachments of temporalis

A
  • proximal = temporal bone
  • distal = mandible
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19
Q

Innervation of temporalis

A

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

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20
Q

Actions of temporalis

A
  • elevates mandible
  • retracts mandible (brings it back)
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21
Q

Pterygoids

A

Helps us grind food (move mandible side to side)

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22
Q

Attachments of lateral pterygoid

A
  • proximal = sphenoid bone
  • distal = TMJ (external mandible)
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23
Q

Innervation of lateral pterygoid

A

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

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24
Q

Actions of lateral pterygoid

A
  • laterally deviate mandible to opposite side (unilaterally)
  • protract mandible (bilaterally)
25
Q

Attachments of medial pterygoid

A
  • proximal = sphenoid bone
  • distal = internal aspect of mandible
26
Q

Innervation of medial pterygoid

A

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

27
Q

Actions of medial pterygoid

A
  • laterally deviate mandible to opposite side (unilaterally)
  • elevate mandible (bilaterally)
  • protract mandible (bilaterally)
28
Q

Hyoid bone

A
  • seems to be suspended in midair
  • attachment point for muscles of speech and swallowing
29
Q

Larynx extrinsic muscles (swallowing)

A
  • suprahyoid muscles
  • infrahyoid muscles
  • both are antagonists
  • also important in speech = just superior to larynx, moves larynx, and variation changes in speech (or singing)
30
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A
  • forms the floor of the mouth (under the tongue)
  • mylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
  • stylohyoid
  • digastric (2 muscle bellies)
31
Q

Actions of suprahyoid muscles

A
  • elevates the hyoid and larynx for swallowing (moves of the way of esophagus)
  • depresses mandible
32
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

A
  • thyrohyoid
  • omohyoid
  • sternohyoid
  • sternothyroid
33
Q

Actions of infrahyoid muscles

A
  • depresses the hyoid for swallowing
34
Q

Extrinsic muscles of tongue

A
  • genioglossus
  • hypoglossus
  • styloglossus
  • platoglossus
  • glosses = Latin for tongue
35
Q

Actions of genioglossus

A
  • protrudes tongue
36
Q

Actions of hypoglossus

A
  • retracts tongue
  • depresses tongue
37
Q

Actions of styloglossus

A
  • elevates the sides of tongue (swallowing - can roll tongue)
38
Q

Actions of platoglossus

A
  • elevates back of tongue (swallowing)
39
Q

Muscles of facial expression

A
  • muscles of eyes
  • muscles of nose
  • muscles of mouth
  • all innervated by facial nerve
40
Q

Muscles of eyes

A
  • frontalis
  • corrugator supercilii
  • orbicularis oculi
  • procurus
41
Q

Actions of frontalis

A
  • elevates eyebrows
  • listed under muscle of scalp in the text
42
Q

Actions of corrugator supercilii

A
  • depresses eyebrows
  • pulls eyebrows medially
43
Q

Actions of orbicularis oculi

A
  • closes eyes
44
Q

Actions of procurus

A
  • furrows brow
  • listed under muscle of nose in the text
45
Q

Muscles of nose

A
  • nasalis
  • LLSAN
46
Q

Actions of nasalis

A
  • flares nostrils
  • constricts nostrils
47
Q

Actions of LLSAN

A
  • flares nostrils while lifting lip (“snarl”)
  • the lateral part is levator labii superiorus (LLSAN is an extension of this and will just consider them the same)
48
Q

Muscles of mouth (superior/lateral)

A
  • orbicularis oris
  • zygomaticus minor
  • zygomaticus major
  • levator anguli oris
  • risorius
  • buccinator
49
Q

Actions of orbicularis oris

A
  • closes mouth (straw, kiss)
50
Q

Actions of zygomaticus minor

A
  • elevates upper lip
51
Q

Actions of zygomaticus major

A
  • elevates corners of mouth (lateral to minor)
52
Q

Actions of levator anguli oris

A
  • elevates upper lip/corner of mouth (between zygomaticus muscles)
53
Q

Actions of risorius

A
  • retracts corners of mouth
54
Q

Actions of buccinator

A
  • contracts cheeks (keeps cheeks in check)
55
Q

Muscles of mouth (inferior)

A
  • depressor anguli oris
  • depressor labii inferiorus
  • mentalis
  • platismus
56
Q

Actions of depressor anguli oris

A
  • pulls corner of mouth down
57
Q

Actions of depressor labii inferiorus

A
  • pulls lower lip down
58
Q

Actions of mentalis

A
  • protrudes lower lip
  • elevates chin
59
Q

Actions of platismus

A
  • depresses jaw
  • tightens neck fascia

Functional Anatomy (8 decks)

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