Skull, Face, And Throat (5B) Flashcards
Cranium
- roof of skull
- base
Roof of skull
- frontal
- occipital
- parietal (2)
Base of skull
- temporal (2)
- ethmoid
- sphenoid
Face
- portions of eye socket
- nose
- cheek bones
- jaw bones
- visible from inferior view
Portions of eye socket
- lacrimal (2)
lacrimal glands = tear ducts
Nose
- nasal bone
- nasal concha
- vomer
Cheek bones
- zygomatic (2)
- maxilla
Jaw bone
- mandible
Visible from inferior view
- palatine (connects maxilla to vomer)
Mastoid process
Distal attachment point for sternocleidomastoid
Temporal-mandibular joint (TMJ)
- synovial joint
- not many synovial joints in the skull, face area
- keeps us alive (feeding, communication)
Zygomatic arch
Attachment point for important muscles in TMJ
External occipital protuberance
Posterior muscles
Muscles of mastication and speech
- masseter
- temporalis
- pterygoids
- lateral pterygoid
- medial pterygoid
Attachments of masseter
- workhorse
- proximal = zygomatic arch
- distal = mandible
Innervation of masseter
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Actions of masseter
- elevates mandible (closes mouth)
Attachments of temporalis
- proximal = temporal bone
- distal = mandible
Innervation of temporalis
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Actions of temporalis
- elevates mandible
- retracts mandible (brings it back)
Pterygoids
Helps us grind food (move mandible side to side)
Attachments of lateral pterygoid
- proximal = sphenoid bone
- distal = TMJ (external mandible)
Innervation of lateral pterygoid
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Actions of lateral pterygoid
- laterally deviate mandible to opposite side (unilaterally)
- protract mandible (bilaterally)
Attachments of medial pterygoid
- proximal = sphenoid bone
- distal = internal aspect of mandible
Innervation of medial pterygoid
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Actions of medial pterygoid
- laterally deviate mandible to opposite side (unilaterally)
- elevate mandible (bilaterally)
- protract mandible (bilaterally)
Hyoid bone
- seems to be suspended in midair
- attachment point for muscles of speech and swallowing
Larynx extrinsic muscles (swallowing)
- suprahyoid muscles
- infrahyoid muscles
- both are antagonists
- also important in speech = just superior to larynx, moves larynx, and variation changes in speech (or singing)
Suprahyoid muscles
- forms the floor of the mouth (under the tongue)
- mylohyoid
- geniohyoid
- stylohyoid
- digastric (2 muscle bellies)
Actions of suprahyoid muscles
- elevates the hyoid and larynx for swallowing (moves of the way of esophagus)
- depresses mandible
Infrahyoid muscles
- thyrohyoid
- omohyoid
- sternohyoid
- sternothyroid
Actions of infrahyoid muscles
- depresses the hyoid for swallowing
Extrinsic muscles of tongue
- genioglossus
- hypoglossus
- styloglossus
- platoglossus
- glosses = Latin for tongue
Actions of genioglossus
- protrudes tongue
Actions of hypoglossus
- retracts tongue
- depresses tongue
Actions of styloglossus
- elevates the sides of tongue (swallowing - can roll tongue)
Actions of platoglossus
- elevates back of tongue (swallowing)
Muscles of facial expression
- muscles of eyes
- muscles of nose
- muscles of mouth
- all innervated by facial nerve
Muscles of eyes
- frontalis
- corrugator supercilii
- orbicularis oculi
- procurus
Actions of frontalis
- elevates eyebrows
- listed under muscle of scalp in the text
Actions of corrugator supercilii
- depresses eyebrows
- pulls eyebrows medially
Actions of orbicularis oculi
- closes eyes
Actions of procurus
- furrows brow
- listed under muscle of nose in the text
Muscles of nose
- nasalis
- LLSAN
Actions of nasalis
- flares nostrils
- constricts nostrils
Actions of LLSAN
- flares nostrils while lifting lip (“snarl”)
- the lateral part is levator labii superiorus (LLSAN is an extension of this and will just consider them the same)
Muscles of mouth (superior/lateral)
- orbicularis oris
- zygomaticus minor
- zygomaticus major
- levator anguli oris
- risorius
- buccinator
Actions of orbicularis oris
- closes mouth (straw, kiss)
Actions of zygomaticus minor
- elevates upper lip
Actions of zygomaticus major
- elevates corners of mouth (lateral to minor)
Actions of levator anguli oris
- elevates upper lip/corner of mouth (between zygomaticus muscles)
Actions of risorius
- retracts corners of mouth
Actions of buccinator
- contracts cheeks (keeps cheeks in check)
Muscles of mouth (inferior)
- depressor anguli oris
- depressor labii inferiorus
- mentalis
- platismus
Actions of depressor anguli oris
- pulls corner of mouth down
Actions of depressor labii inferiorus
- pulls lower lip down
Actions of mentalis
- protrudes lower lip
- elevates chin
Actions of platismus
- depresses jaw
- tightens neck fascia
