Spinal region active range of motion Flashcards
Cervical spine flexion
Patient seated with good thoracolumbar posture. Place axis on external auditory meatus, static arm perpendicular to the floor and movement arm in line with the base of nares. Move chin to chest. Normal is 0-45.
Limited by posterior longitudinal ligament, ligament flava and nuchal ligament
Cervical spine extension
patient seated with good thoracolumbar posture. Place axis on external auditory meatus, static arm perpendicular to the floor and movement arm in line with the base of nares. Normal is 0-45. Move chin to ceiling.
Limited by anterior longitudinal ligament.
Cervical spine lateral flexion
patient seated with good thoracolumbar posture. Place axis on spinous process of c7, static arm perpendicular to the floor and movement arm on dorsal midline of head. Avoid rotating cervical spine.
Normal is 0-45
Limited by intertransverse ligaments which limit contralateral lateral flexion.
Cervical spine rotation
patient seated with good thoracolumbar posture. Place axis on centre of cranial aspect of head, static arm parallel to line through the acromion and movement arm on tip of nose. Limited by capsule of facet joints. Normal is 0-60.
Thoracic spine flexion
patient standing. Landmarks are s2 and c7. Use tape measure to record distance Ask patient to lean forwards at hips and record the distance between the two marks.
Normal is 10cm
Limited by posterior longitudinal ligament and ligament flava.
Thoracic spine extension
patient standing. Landmarks are s2 and c7. Use tape measure to record distance between the two. Ask patient tio lean backwards at the hips and record the distance again.
Limited by anterior longitudinal ligament
Thoracic spine lateral flexion
patient standing. Place axis on s2, static arm perpendicular to the floor and movement arm in line with c7. Ask patient to bend trunk sideways.
Normal is 0-35.
Limited by intertransverse ligaments which limit contralateral lateral flexion.
Thoracic spine rotation
patient seated with erect posture. Place axis on centre top of head, static arm on line between iliac crests or greater trochanters and movement arm on line between acromion processes. Limited by intertransverse ligaments and capsule of facet joints. Normal is 0-45.
Lumbar spine flexion
patient standing. Mark l5, mark 5cm above and below that. Ask patient to touch toes. Record the increase between these marks. Less than 5cm= limited flexion. Limited by intervertebral disc and posture longitudinal ligament.
Lumbar spine extension
patient standing. Mark l5, 5cm above and below. Ask patient to bend backwards at hips. Mark increase in distance. Limited by anterior longitudinal ligament.
Lumbar spine lateral flexion
patient standing. Place axis on spinous process of s1, static arm perpendicular to the ground and movement arm in line with c7. Ask patient to bend trunk sideways. Limited by intertransverse ligaments which limit contralateral lateral flexion.
Lumbar spine rotation
patient seated with feet on floor. Place axis on centre top of head, static arm on line between iliac crests or greater trochanters and movement arm on line between acromion processes. Limited by intertransverse ligaments, supraspinous and infraspinous ligaments.
Pelvis elevation
patient standing. Place thumbs on each side on models posterior superior iliac spines (dimples of venus). Instruct patient to hip hitch i.e. make one lower limb shorter than the other. Compare the distance and quality of elevation of pelvis on left and right side.
Pelvis depression
In standing: place your thumbs on each of the model’s PSISs [‘Dimples of Venus’] or each hand on the iliac crest. Instruct the model to hip hitch. Compare the distance and quality of elevation of the pelvis ‘hitching up’ on the left and right sides..
