Demonstrate how you would assess active range of motion

Question 1

Glenohumeral flexion

Answer 1

Patient supine with extended elbow and forearm neutral. Place axis on lateral aspect of greater tubercle, static arm parallel to mid-axillary line of thorax and movement arm on lateral midline of humerus. Normal range is 0-80.

Question 2

Glenohumeral extension

Answer 2

Patient prone with elbow slightly flexed and forearm in neutral. Place axis on lateral aspect of greater tubercle, static arm parallel to mid-axillary line of thorax and movement arm on lateral midline of humerus. Normal range is 0-60 degrees.

Question 3

Glenohumeral abduction

Answer 3

Patient supine. Place axis on anterior lip of acromion, static arm parallel to anterior aspect of sternum and movement arm on anterior midline of humerus. Normal is 0-180 degrees.

Question 4

Glenohumeral adduction

Answer 4

Patient supine. Place axis on anterior lip of acromion, static arm parallel to anterior aspect of sternum and movement arm on anterior midline of humerus. Normal is 0-180 degrees.

Question 5

Elbow flexion

Answer 5

Patient supine. Place axis on lateral epicondyle, static arm parallel with the lateral midline of the humerus and the movement arm parallel with the radius. Normal range is 145 (160 for passive)

Question 6

Elbow extension

Answer 6

Patient supine. Place axis on lateral epicondyle, static arm parallel with the lateral midline of the humerus and the movement arm parallel with the radius. Normal range is 0 to -20.

Question 7

Forearm pronation

Answer 7

Patient seated, elbow flexed to 90 and forearm in neutral. Place axis on ulnar styloid process, static arm parallel to anterior midline of humerus and movement arm across dorsal aspect of arm. Normal is 0-80 degrees.

Question 8

Forearm supination

Answer 8

Patient seated, elbow flexed to 90 and forearm in neutral. Place axis on ulnar styloid process, static arm parallel to anterior midline of humerus and movement arm across the dorsal aspect of the arm. Normal is 0-80 degrees.

Question 9

Hip flexion

Answer 9

Patient supine. Place axis on greater trochanter of femur, static arm parallel to the trunk and movement arm parallel with the lateral epicondyle of the femur. Normal range is 0-120 degrees.

Question 10

Hip extension

Answer 10

Patient prone. Place axis on greater trochanter of femur, static arm parallel to the trunk and movement arm parallel with the lateral epicondyle of the femur. Normal range is 0-30 degrees.

Question 11

Hip abduction

Answer 11

Patient supine. Place axis on anterior superior iliac spine, static arm directed to opposite anterior superior iliac spine and movement arm parallel to midline of patella. Normal range is 0-30 degrees,

Question 12

Hip adduction

Answer 12

Patient supine. Place axis on anterior superior iliac spine, static arm directed to opposite anterior superior iliac spine and movement arm parallel to midline of patella. Normal range is 0-30 degrees.

Question 13

Hip internal rotation

Answer 13

Patient seated on edge of plinth with hips and knees at 90 degrees of flexion. Place axis on mid patella, static arm perpendicular to the floor and movement arm in line with the anterior shaft of the tibia. Normal range is 0-45 degrees.

Question 14

Hip external rotation

Answer 14

Patient seated on edge of plinth with hips and knees at 90 degrees of flexion. Place axis on mid patella, static arm perpendicular to the floor and movement arm in line with the anterior shaft of the tibia. Normal range is 0-45 degrees.

Question 15

Knee flexion

Answer 15

Patient supine with towel under heel and leg extended. Place axis on lateral epicondyle of femur, static arm in line with greater trochanter and movement arm in line with the lateral malleolus of the fibula. Normal range is 135-150 degrees.

Question 16

Knee extension

Answer 16

Patient supine with towel under heel and leg extended. Place axis on lateral epicondyle of femur, static arm in line with the greater trochanter and movement arm in line with the lateral mallelous of the fiibula. Normal range is 0 to -5 degrees.

Question 17

Tibial rotation

Answer 17

Patient standing or sitting. Align axis under heel, static arm and movement arm in line with the 2nd metatarsal. Keep the static arm still as the foot moves, move the movement arm with the foot as it rotates and then take the goniometer away. Normal range is 0-20 degrees.

Question 18

Ankle plantarflexion

Answer 18

Patient prone with anle off the plinth and leg extended. Place axis on lateral calcaneus at bisection of fibula and 5th metatarsal, static arm parallel to fibula and movement arm parallel with 5th metatarsal. Normal range is 10-20 degrees,

Question 19

Ankle dorsiflexion

Answer 19

Patient prone with ankle off the plinth and leg extended. Place axis on lateral calcaneus at bisection of fibula and 5th metatarsal, static arm parallel with fibula and movement arm parallel with 5th metatarsal. Normal range is 10-20 degrees.

Question 20

Foot inversion

Answer 20

Patient seated. Place axis midway between malleoli, static arm on anterior midline of tibia and movement arm on anterior midline of 2nd metatarsal. Normal range is 0-15 degrees.

Question 21

Foot eversion

Answer 21

Patient seated. Place axis midway between malleoli, static arm on anterior midline of tibia and movement arm on anterio midline of 2nd metatarsal. Normal range is 0-15 degrees.

Question 22

Wrist flexion

Answer 22

Patient seated, elbow flexed to 90 and forearm supported with palm facing floor. Place axis on lateral triquetrum, static arm on lateral midline of ulna and movement arm on lateral midline of 5th metacarpal. Normal is 0-80 degrees.

Question 23

Wrist extension

Answer 23

Patient seated, elbow flexed to 90 with forearm supported and palm facing floor. Place axis on lateral triquetrum, static arm on lateral midline of ulna and movement arm on lateral midline of 5th metacarpal. Normal is 0-70 degrees.

Question 24

Radial deviation

Answer 24

Patient seated, elbow flexed to 90, forearm supported and palm facing floor. Place axis on dorsal capitate, static arm on dorsal midline of forearm and movement arm on dorsal midline of 3rd metacarpal. Normal range is 0-20 degrees.

Question 25

Ulnar deivation

Answer 25

Patient seated, elbow flexed to 90, forearm supported and palm facing floor. PLace axis on dorsal capitate, static arm on dorsal midline of forearm and movement arm on dorsal midline of 3rd metacarpal. Normal range is 0-30.