Spinal Osteology

Question 1

Axial skeleton

Answer 1

Skull, spine, ribs, sacrum

Question 2

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 2

Clavicle, scapula, pelvis, arms and legs

Question 3

Primary curves

Answer 3

Thoracic and sacral (1 degree, kyphosis)

Question 4

Secondary curves

Answer 4

Cervical and lumbar (2 degree, lordosis)

Question 5

Vertebral Arch

Answer 5

All of vertebrae except the body (coffee handle)

Question 6

Superior facet

Answer 6

Part the articulates with the vertebrae above it

Question 7

C1 Action (Atlas)

Answer 7

Nodding

Question 8

C1 Defining Features

Answer 8

Small transverse foramens, anterior tubercle, transverse processes protruding

Question 9

Atlanto-occipital joint

Answer 9

-Superior articular facets of lateral masses of atlas and occipital condyles
-Need to know capsule too

Question 10

Alar Ligament

Answer 10

-Prevents excessive rotation
-Keeps odontoid process (axis) and skull together

Question 11

Cruciate Ligament

Answer 11

Keeps odontoid process (dens) in place

Question 12

C2 Action (Axis)

Answer 12

Shaking head

Question 13

C2 Defining Features

Answer 13

-Odontoid process (dens) protrudes superiorly
-Short transverse processes
-Split spinous process
-Transverse processes can be seen from lateral view

Question 14

Atlantoaxial Joint

Answer 14

-Technically there are 3
-2: between inferior facets of lateral masses of C1 and superior facets of C2
-One between dens of C2 and anterior arch of atlas

Question 15

Which cervical vertebrae is the only one that does not have a split spinous process

Answer 15

C7

Question 16

Uncus/unciate process

Answer 16

Ridges on lateral edges of vertebral body (C3-7)

Question 17

Carotid tubercle

Answer 17

On cervical vertebrae, protrude out from transverse foramen

Question 18

Thoracic Defining Features

Answer 18

-Long spinous processes that are more inferior
-Costal facets for articulation with ribs
-Superior facets that are pointing up and posterior

Question 19

Zygapophysial Joint

Answer 19

-Joints of vertebral arches (slides showed between lumbar vertebrae)
-Between superior and inferior articular processes
-Cervical: facets slant upward (ramp)
-Thoracic: facets face posterior (stop)
-Lumbar: Facets face each other

Question 20

Spinal Stenosis

Answer 20

-Spinal cord compression
-Surgery removes the lamina to take of the pressure

Question 21

Pars interarticularis fracture

Answer 21

-Spondy
-Broken back

Question 22

Spondylosis

Answer 22

Degeneration/wear and tear, can be anywhere in the spine

Question 23

Spondylolysis

Answer 23

Fracture without separation

Question 24

Spondylolisthesis

Answer 24

Fracture where 2 parts have separated

Question 25

Sacrum/coccyx base

Answer 25

More cranial

Question 26

Sacrum/coccyx apex

Answer 26

More caudal

Question 27

Sacral promontory

Answer 27

Part that protrudes out from body of S1 (anterior)

Question 28

Inferolateral angle

Answer 28

On sacrum

Question 29

Sacral canal

Answer 29

Where spinal cord passes through

Question 30

Sacral hiatus

Answer 30

Notch on posterior side