Spinal Osteology Flashcards
Axial skeleton
Skull, spine, ribs, sacrum
Appendicular Skeleton
Clavicle, scapula, pelvis, arms and legs
Primary curves
Thoracic and sacral (1 degree, kyphosis)
Secondary curves
Cervical and lumbar (2 degree, lordosis)
Vertebral Arch
All of vertebrae except the body (coffee handle)
Superior facet
Part the articulates with the vertebrae above it
C1 Action (Atlas)
Nodding
C1 Defining Features
Small transverse foramens, anterior tubercle, transverse processes protruding
Atlanto-occipital joint
-Superior articular facets of lateral masses of atlas and occipital condyles
-Need to know capsule too
Alar Ligament
-Prevents excessive rotation
-Keeps odontoid process (axis) and skull together
Cruciate Ligament
Keeps odontoid process (dens) in place
C2 Action (Axis)
Shaking head
C2 Defining Features
-Odontoid process (dens) protrudes superiorly
-Short transverse processes
-Split spinous process
-Transverse processes can be seen from lateral view
Atlantoaxial Joint
-Technically there are 3
-2: between inferior facets of lateral masses of C1 and superior facets of C2
-One between dens of C2 and anterior arch of atlas
Which cervical vertebrae is the only one that does not have a split spinous process
C7
Uncus/unciate process
Ridges on lateral edges of vertebral body (C3-7)
Carotid tubercle
On cervical vertebrae, protrude out from transverse foramen
Thoracic Defining Features
-Long spinous processes that are more inferior
-Costal facets for articulation with ribs
-Superior facets that are pointing up and posterior
Zygapophysial Joint
-Joints of vertebral arches (slides showed between lumbar vertebrae)
-Between superior and inferior articular processes
-Cervical: facets slant upward (ramp)
-Thoracic: facets face posterior (stop)
-Lumbar: Facets face each other
Spinal Stenosis
-Spinal cord compression
-Surgery removes the lamina to take of the pressure
Pars interarticularis fracture
-Spondy
-Broken back
Spondylosis
Degeneration/wear and tear, can be anywhere in the spine
Spondylolysis
Fracture without separation
Spondylolisthesis
Fracture where 2 parts have separated
