Spinal Cord/Spinal Nerves

Question 1

Neural plate forms

Answer 1

Neural tube

Question 2

When do tissues fold, converge, change structure and start to differentiate?

Answer 2

4th week

Question 3

What vitamin is important for healthy development of neural tube and preventing defects?

Answer 3

Folate (B vitamin)

Question 4

Neural plate border separates ectoderm from

Answer 4

Neural plate

Question 5

Neural plate bends and joins together at neural plate borders, now forming

Answer 5

Neural crest

Question 6

Neural crest differentiates into

Answer 6

PNS

Question 7

Notocord differentiates and persists as

Answer 7

Nucleus pulposus of IV discs

Question 8

Precursors of axial skeleton and skeletal muscle

Answer 8

Somites

Question 9

Spina bifida

Answer 9

Two sides of vertebral arches (usually lower) fail to fuse during development

Question 10

Spina bifida occulta

Answer 10

-L5-S1
-10% of individuals
-Asymptomatic with tuft of hair

Question 11

Severe forms of spina bifida

Answer 11

-Outpouching of meninges
-Meningocele: just CSF
-Myelomeningocele: Portion of spinal cord

Question 12

Spinal nerves

Answer 12

-Originate at spinal cord
-Connect PNS to CNS
-31 pairs

Question 13

How many spinal nerves in each region

Answer 13

-Cervical: 8
-Thoracic: 12
-Lumbar: 5
-Sacral: 5
-Coccygeal: 1

Question 14

How do spinal nerves exit?

Answer 14

Between 2 adjacent vertebrae
-C1 goes between skull and C1
-C7 exits between C6 and C7
C8 exits between C7 and T1

Question 15

Ventral Rami

Answer 15

Innervate ventral body wall, extrinsic back and all limbs

Question 16

Dorsal rami

Answer 16

Innervate skin and deep muscles of back

Question 17

C5 Myotome Actions

Answer 17

Shoulder flexion, ER, abduction, scaption

Question 18

C6 Myotome Actions

Answer 18

Shoulder: IR, adduction, extension
Elbow: Flexion
Wrist: Extension
Supination

Question 19

C7 Myotome Actions

Answer 19

Shoulder: IR, adduction, extension
Elbow: Extension
Wrist: Flexion
Digital extension

Question 20

C8 Myotome Actions

Answer 20

Shoulder: IR, adduction, extension
Digital flexion
Pronation

Question 21

T1 Myotome Actions

Answer 21

Digit abduction/adduction

Question 22

Spinal cord terminates between

Answer 22

L1/L2

Question 23

Spinal dural sac terminates at

Answer 23

S2

Question 24

Spinal meninges from superficial to deep

Answer 24

Epidural space, dura mater, subdural space, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space (CSF), pia mater