Intrinsic Back Muscles and Suboccipitals POINA

Question 1

Intermediate Back Muscles

Answer 1

Serratus Posterior Superior and Inferior

Question 2

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Answer 2

PA: spinous process of T12-L3
DA: Ribs 9-12
Action: Rib depression with exhalation
Nerve: Ventral rami

Question 3

Serratus Posterior Superior

Answer 3

PA: spinous process of C7-T3
DA: Ribs 2-4
Action: Forced breathing, rib elevation with inhalation
Innervation: Ventral rami

Question 4

Innervation of all deep back muscles

Answer 4

Dorsal rami

Question 5

Intrinsic muscles: superficial

Answer 5

Splenius (capitis and cervicis)

Question 6

Intrinsic muscles: intermediate

Answer 6

Erector spinae group: spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis

Question 7

Intrinsic muscles: deep back

Answer 7

Transversospinalis group
Multifidi
Rotatores (brevis and longus)
Semispinalis (thoracis, cervicis, capitis)

Question 8

Splenius Purposeful Action

Answer 8

Social interaction, driving

Question 9

Splenius Main Action

Answer 9

Unilateral: lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation
Bilateral: extend neck and head

Question 10

Splenius Proximal Attachment

Answer 10

Nuchal ligament and SP of C7-T6

Question 11

Splenius Distal Attachment

Answer 11

Capitis: mastoid process, superior nuchal line
Cervicis: TP of C1-4 (LIKE LEVATOR)

Question 12

Splenius Innervation

Answer 12

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 13

Erector Spinae Purposeful Action

Answer 13

Maintaining upright posture

Question 14

Erector Spinae Main Action

Answer 14

Unilateral: ipsilateral flexion
Bilateral: Extend vertebral column
E(rector)xtend and side bend

Question 15

Erector Spinae Proximal Attachment

Answer 15

Thorocolumbar fascia, iliac crest, SP(inae) of lumbar and last 2 thoracic vertebrae

Question 16

Erector Spinae Distal Attachment

Answer 16

Iliocostalis: lower rib angles and cervical TP
Longissimus: between rib tubercles and angles to thoracic TP
Spinalis: upper thoracic SP and cranium

Question 17

Erector Spinae Innervation

Answer 17

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 18

Rotatores Purposeful Action

Answer 18

Tai chi/yoga, deep postural stability

Question 19

Rotatores Main Action

Answer 19

Unilateral: contralateral rotation of vertebral column
Bilateral: Extend vertebral column, proprioception

Question 20

Rotatores Inferior Attachment

Answer 20

TP of vertebrae (best developed in thoracic)

Question 21

Rotatores Superior Attachment

Answer 21

SP of lumbar vertebrae through C2
SPANS 1-2 SEGMENTS
Brevis: 1 segment
Longus: 2 segments

Question 22

Rotatores Innervation

Answer 22

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 23

Multifidi Purposeful Action

Answer 23

Deep postural stability (BIRD DOG)

Question 24

Multifidi Main Action

Answer 24

Unilateral: Contralateral rotation of vertebral column
Bilateral: Extend vertebral column, stabilizes vertebrae during local movements

Question 25

Multifidi Inferior Attachment

Answer 25

Posterior sacrum, PSIS, aponeurosis of erector spinae, SI ligaments, mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, TP of T1-T3, articular processes of C4-C7

Question 26

Multifidi Superior Attacment

Answer 26

Thickest in lumbar region
Entire length of spinous process (fibers run obliquely superomedially)
Spans 2-4 segments (OVERLAP WITH ROTATORES)

Question 27

Multifidi Innervation

Answer 27

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 28

Semispinalis Purposeful Action

Answer 28

Using a computer workstation, looking overhead

Question 29

Semispinalis Main Action

Answer 29

Extend head, neck, thoracic spine
Contralateral rotation (all sections)

Question 30

Semispinalis Inferior Attachment

Answer 30

TP of C4-T12

Question 31

Semispinalis Superior Attachment

Answer 31

Occipital bone, SP in thoracic and cervical regions (diagonal fibers)
SPANS 4-6 SEGMENTS

Question 32

Semispinalis Innervation

Answer 32

Cervical dorsal rami

Question 33

Suboccipitals Purposeful Action

Answer 33

Scanning a computer monitor, reading a book

Question 34

Suboccipitals Innervation

Answer 34

Suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1)

Question 35

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Origin

Answer 35

SP of C2

Question 36

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Insertion

Answer 36

Lateral part of inferior nuchal line

Question 37

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Action

Answer 37

Rock and tilt the head to extension, ipsilateral rotation

Question 38

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Origin

Answer 38

Posterior Tubercle of C1

Question 39

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Insertion

Answer 39

Medial inferior nuchal line

Question 40

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Action

Answer 40

Rock and tilt the head to extension, ipsilateral rotation

Question 41

Obliquus Capitis Inferior Origin

Answer 41

Spinous process of C2 (SP2)

Question 42

Obliquus Capitis Inferior Insertion

Answer 42

TP of C1

Question 43

Obliquus Capitis Inferior Action

Answer 43

Ipsilateral rotation

Question 44

Obliquus Capitis Superior Origin

Answer 44

TP of C1

Question 45

Obliquus Capitis Superior Insertion

Answer 45

Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines

Question 46

Obliquus Capitis Superior Action

Answer 46

Rock and tilt head into extension, ipsilateral flexion

Question 47

Contents of suboccipital triangle

Answer 47

Vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve (C1)

Question 48

Suboccipital triangle superomedial boundary

Answer 48

Rectus capitis posterior major

Question 49

Suboccipital triangle inferolateral boundary

Answer 49

Obliquus capitis inferior

Question 49

Suboccipital triangle superolateral boundary

Answer 49

Oblique capitis superior

Question 50

Suboccipital triangle floor

Answer 50

Posterior OA membrane and posterior arch of C1

Question 51

Suboccipital triangle roof

Answer 51

Semispinalis capitis