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Neurology-Week 1 > Spinal Cord Disorders > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of Spinal Cord Syndromes (4 total)

A

Syringomyelia
Dorsal Column Disease
Spinal Cord Infarction (Anterior Spinal Cord Syndrome)
Brown Sequard Syndrome

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2
Q

Spinal cord abnormality; a cystic cavity within the central canal; typically between C2 and T9; typically damages the ANTERIOR Commissure fibers (Spinothalamic tract); causes “cape-like” sensory loss of PAIN and TEMPERATURE with preserved touch; associated with Chiari, trauma and tumors

A

Syringomyelia

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3
Q

Syringomyelia typically occurs at what spinal levels

A

C2-T9

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4
Q

Syringomyelia typically damages what tract

A

Spinothalamic Tract (due to Anterior Commissure fiber damage)

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5
Q

Describe the sensory loss of Syringomyelia

A

“Cape-Like”
Loss of pain and temperature
Preserved touch

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6
Q

Function of the Spinothalamic Tract

A

Lateral: pain and temp
Anterior: touch and pressure

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7
Q

The Spinothalamic tract’s first neuron synapses at the (ipsi/contra)lateral gray matter and ascends (ipsi/contra)laterally

A

Synapse: ipsilateral
Ascends: contralateral

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8
Q

Functions of the Dorsal Column Spinal Cord

A

Vibration
Fine touch
Proprioception

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9
Q

In the Dorsal Columns, the nucleus (gracilis/cuneatus) are where synapses for lower body/legs are

A

Gracilis

*remember graciLis for “lower”

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10
Q

In the Dorsal Columns, the nucleus (gracilis/cuneatus) are where synapses for upper body/arm are

A

Cuneatus

*remember cUneatus for “upper”

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11
Q

Where do the Dorsal Column nerves decussate?

A

Medulla

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12
Q

Examples of Dorsal Column Disease

A

Subacute Combined Degeneration (B12 deficiency)

Tabes Dorsalis

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13
Q

Dorsal Column Disease; due to B12 deficiency; affects Spinocerebellar, Lateral Corticospinal and Dorsal Column tracts; causes ataxia, paresthesia and brisk reflexes

A

Subacute Combined Degeneration (of the cord)

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14
Q

Dorsal Column Disease; due to tertiary neurosyphilis damaging dorsal roots and dorsal columns; impaired proprioception and vibrational sense and loss of deep tendon reflexes; shows Romberg’s sign and Charcot’s joints

A

Tabes Dorsalis

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15
Q

Which Posterior Column Disease shows Romberg’s sign and Charcot’s joints

A

Tabes Dorsalis

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16
Q

Spinal Cord Syndrome; due to watershed area at Midthoracic area; causes UMN deficit BELOW the lesion (Corticospinal) and LMN deficit AT the level of the lesion (Anterior horn); also lose pain and temperature sensation below lesion (Spinothalamic tract)

A

Anterior Spinal Cord Syndrome

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17
Q

Describe the sensory/motor deficits of Anterior Spinal Cord Syndrome

A

UMN deficit BELOW lesion (Corticospinal)
LMN deficit AT level of lesion (Anterior horn)
Loss of pain/temp BELOW (Spinothalamic)

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18
Q

Spinal Cord Syndrome; rare condition where you have half paralysis and the other half loss of sensation; Ipsilateral WEAKNESS at and below level of lesion (Corticospinal), loss of ALL sensation at level and Position/Vibration BELOW (Dorsal Columns); Contralateral loss of pain/temp BELOW level (Spinothalamic)

A

Brown-Sequard Syndrome (“Half Cord Syndrome”)

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19
Q

Describe the sensory/motor loss of Brown-Sequard Syndrome

A

Ipsilateral: weakness at and below level (corticospinal), loss of ALL sensation at level, loss of position/vibration BELOW (Dorsal Columns)
Contralateral: loss of pain/temp BELOW level (Spinothalamic)*

*because decussates immediately in spinal cord

20
Q

Neurodegenerative disorder involving the neurons of the MOTOR system in the brain and spinal cord; combined UMN and LMN symptoms; mutations in Superoxide Dismutase causes oxidative damage; results in NO SENSORY function

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

21
Q

Mutation associated with ALS

A

Superoxide Dismutase (causes oxidative damage)

22
Q

ALS only affects the (motor/sensory) system

A

Motor

*so they won’t complain of numbness or other sensory abnormalities

23
Q

Generally, the UMN lesions cause (increased/decreased) tone and reflexes

A

Increased (spastic)

24
Q

Generally, the LMN lesions cause (increased/decreased) tone and reflexes

A

Decreased (flaccid)

25
Q

Describe the Reflex Arc

A

Stretch–> stimulate muscle spindle–> ascend Ia fiber–> stimulate LMN–> impulse to effector (muscle, gland, etc.)

26
Q

Structure in muscles that provide info about muscle length and rate of change; contain INTRAfusal muscle fibers surrounded by CT capsule

A

Muscle Spindles

27
Q

Muscle spindles use what type of nerve fiber to send impulses to reflex arc

A

1a

28
Q

Intrafusal muscle fibers in Muscle Spindles actually have innervation from ____________ ______________ neurons that increase tension and make them more sensitive to muscle stretch

A

gamma motor

29
Q

Structure in muscle tendons; operates as PROTECTIVE feedback to control tension of muscles and prevent damage; activated by stretching or contracting of muscle; send info through Group 1b fibers to dorsal roots to INHIBIT alpha motor neurons, mediating Inverse Stretch Reflex

A

Golgi Tendon Organs

30
Q

Afferent and Efferent cranial nerves for Corneal Reflex

A

Afferent: Trigeminal (CN V)
Efferent: Facial (CN VII)

31
Q

Afferent and Efferent cranial nerves for Gag Reflex

A

Afferent: Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
Efferent: Vagus (CN X)

32
Q

Nerves for Achilles reflex

A

S1-2

33
Q

Nerves for Patellar reflex

A

L3-4

34
Q

Nerves for Biceps Reflex

A

C5-6

35
Q

Nerves for Triceps Reflex

A

C7-8

36
Q

Afferent and Efferent nerves for Light and Accommodation

A

Afferent: Optic (CN II)
Efferent: Oculomotor (CN III)

37
Q

Nerves for Babinski (Plantar) Reflex

A

L3-5 and S1

38
Q

Primitive Reflex; head instinctively turns when touched; present at birth; assist in breastfeeding; disappears at 4 months

A

Rooting (and Sucking)

39
Q

When does the Rooting and Sucking reflex go away

A

4 months old

40
Q

When does the Palmar Grasp reflex go away

A

6 months old

41
Q

Primitive Reflex; baby swings arms out and opens hands at the sense of “falling”; present at birth, and disappears at 2 months

A

Moro

42
Q

When does the Moro Reflex typically disappear

A

2 months

43
Q

When do the various Primitive Reflexes disappear (Rooting, Palmar Grasp, Moro)

A

Moro: 2 months
Rooting: 4 months
Palmar and Tonic Neck: 6 months
Babinski: 1 year

44
Q

Primitive Reflex; asymmetric neck and arm flexing; “fencing posture”; disappears around 4-6 months

A

Tonic Neck Reflex

45
Q

When does the Tonic Neck Reflex disappear

A

4-6 months

46
Q

Primitive Reflex; toes fan out when sole of foot brushed; disappears at the first year of age

A

Babinski

47
Q

What is the normal plantar response in an adult?

A

Toes curl

Neurology-Week 1 (9 decks)

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