Fundamentals of The Nervous System

Question 1

Nervous System cell that serves a supportive role to the other neurons

Answer 1

Neuroglia

Question 2

(Oligodendrocytes/Schwann cells) are in the CNS

Answer 2

Oligodendrocytes

Question 3

(Oligodendrocytes/Schwann cells) are in the PNS

Answer 3

Schwann cell

Question 4

There are ______ cranial nerve pairs and ______ spinal nerve pairs

Answer 4

12; 31

Question 5

Peripheral Nervous System subdivision; innervates skeletal muscle; voluntary control

Answer 5

Somatic

Question 6

Peripheral Nervous System subdivision; motor innervation of the viscera (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, organs, etc.); 2-neuron chains; involuntary

Answer 6

Autonomic

Question 7

In the Autonomic Nervous System, the cell body of the Preganglionic neuron is located where?

Answer 7

Brain/Spinal cord

Question 8

In the Autonomic Nervous System, the cell body of the Postganglionic neuron is located where?

Answer 8

Ganglion

Question 9

Cluster of neuron cell bodies in the Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 9

Ganglion

Question 10

1. The cell bodies for the preganglionic nerves of the Sympathetic NS are located in what spinal cord range?
2. The cell bodies for the post-ganglionic nerves of the Sympathetic NS are located where?

Answer 10

1. T1-L2 (thoraco-lumbar)

2. sympathetic chain ganglia or collateral ganglion/adrenal medulla

Question 11

1. The cell bodies for the preganglionic nerves of the Parasympathetic NS are located in what spinal areas?
2. The cell bodies for the post-ganglionic nerves of the Parasympathetic NS are located where?

Answer 11

1. Cranio-Sacral

2. Ganglion NEAR target organ

Question 12

The caudal (posterior) part of the forebrain, containing the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and ventral thalamus and the third ventricle

Answer 12

Diencephalon

Question 13

Raised regions of the Cerebrum

Answer 13

Gyri

Question 14

Invaginations between the Gyri of the Cerebrum

Answer 14

Sulci

Question 15

(Motor/Somatosensory) Cortex is more ventral in location

Answer 15

Primary Motor Cortex

Question 16

The Primary (Motor/Somatosensory) Cortex is more dorsal in location

Answer 16

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Question 17

Lobe of the brain; responsible for thinking, planning, problem solving, and executive function

Answer 17

Frontal lobe

Question 18

Lobe of the brain; responsible for memory, understanding language, and hearing

Answer 18

Temporal lobe

Question 19

Lobe of the brain; responsible for vision

Answer 19

Occipital lobe

Question 20

Lobe of the brain; responsible for sensation, reading, body orientation (knowing left from right), spatial relationships

Answer 20

Parietal lobe

Question 21

Part of the brain; responsible for breathing, blood pressure, heartbeat, body temperature, digestion, respiration, and sleep

Answer 21

Brainstem

Question 22

Part of the brain; responsible for balance, coordination and fine muscle control

Answer 22

Cerebellum (think of ballerina)

Question 23

Of the various parts of the brain, the ______________________ is the most crucial as it serves numerous critical functions (breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, digestion, etc.) needed for life

Answer 23

Brainstem

Question 24

Structure that connects to two hemispheres

Answer 24

Corpus Callosum

Question 25

What 3 structures make up the Brainstem

Answer 25

Midbrain Pons Medulla

Question 26

Best view to visualize Brain Vasculature (Anterior/Posterior/Superior/Inferior)

Answer 26

Inferior (or "Basal" or "Ventral")

Question 27

Communicating network of cavities that produce and are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and located within the brain parenchyma

Answer 27

Ventricles

Question 28

Structure located near the center of the brain and lateral ventricles, sitting astride the thalamus within each hemisphere of the brain; individually, they resemble a C-shape and is part of the basal ganglia

Answer 28

Caudate (nucleus)

Question 29

Paired structure and is part of the basal ganglia; lateral to the Globus Pallidus; together with the caudate nucleus, helps the body with all aspects of physical movement

Answer 29

Putamen

Question 30

Paired structure of the basal ganglia; located just deep to the Putamen; plays a role in physical movement

Answer 30

Globus Pallidus

Question 31

White matter structure situated in the inferomedial part of each cerebral hemisphere of the brain; carries information past the basal ganglia, separating the caudate nucleus and the thalamus (medial) from the putamen and the globus pallidus (lateral)

Answer 31

Internal Capsule

Question 32

Both neuron cell bodies and their axons are "clustered", but neurons in a cluster can serve different functions (True or False)

Answer 32

False; neurons in a cluster share similar functions

Question 33

The (white/gray) matter is the (outer/inner) part of the brain and consists of neuron cell bodies

Answer 33

Gray; outer

Question 34

The (white/gray) matter is the (outer/inner) part of the brain and consists of neuron axons

Answer 34

White; inner

Question 35

Topography in the nervous system when a specific part of the body is associated with a distinct location in the CNS

Answer 35

Somatopy

Question 36

Describe the general Somatopy of the brain (from medial to lateral)

Answer 36

Feet-->torso-->hands--> face--> mouth and tongue* *sensory and motor follow similar pattern

Question 37

Term for when neurons cross the midline to the opposite side

Answer 37

Decussation

Question 38

Ipsilateral

Answer 38

Same side

Question 39

Contralateral

Answer 39

Opposite side

Question 40

The ________ __________ in each ventricle makes CSF from blood plasma

Answer 40

Choroid Plexus (secretory tissue)

Question 41

Ventricular chamber in the spinal cord; very small

Answer 41

Central canal

Question 42

Special cells that line the ventricles/chambers

Answer 42

Ependyma (CNS glial cells)

Question 43

What are the 3 meninges (outermost--> innermost)

Answer 43

Dura Mater Arachnoid* Pia Mater* *Subarachnoid space inbetween

Question 44

Difference between the Third and Fourth Ventricle

Answer 44

Separated by the Cerebral Aqueduct