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Neurology-Week 1 > Fundamentals of The Nervous System > Flashcards

Fundamentals of The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous System cell that serves a supportive role to the other neurons

A

Neuroglia

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2
Q

(Oligodendrocytes/Schwann cells) are in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

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3
Q

(Oligodendrocytes/Schwann cells) are in the PNS

A

Schwann cell

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4
Q

There are ______ cranial nerve pairs and ______ spinal nerve pairs

A

12; 31

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5
Q

Peripheral Nervous System subdivision; innervates skeletal muscle; voluntary control

A

Somatic

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6
Q

Peripheral Nervous System subdivision; motor innervation of the viscera (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, organs, etc.); 2-neuron chains; involuntary

A

Autonomic

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7
Q

In the Autonomic Nervous System, the cell body of the Preganglionic neuron is located where?

A

Brain/Spinal cord

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8
Q

In the Autonomic Nervous System, the cell body of the Postganglionic neuron is located where?

A

Ganglion

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9
Q

Cluster of neuron cell bodies in the Peripheral Nervous System

A

Ganglion

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10
Q
  1. The cell bodies for the preganglionic nerves of the Sympathetic NS are located in what spinal cord range?
  2. The cell bodies for the post-ganglionic nerves of the Sympathetic NS are located where?
A
  1. T1-L2 (thoraco-lumbar)

2. sympathetic chain ganglia or collateral ganglion/adrenal medulla

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11
Q
  1. The cell bodies for the preganglionic nerves of the Parasympathetic NS are located in what spinal areas?
  2. The cell bodies for the post-ganglionic nerves of the Parasympathetic NS are located where?
A
  1. Cranio-Sacral

2. Ganglion NEAR target organ

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12
Q

The caudal (posterior) part of the forebrain, containing the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and ventral thalamus and the third ventricle

A

Diencephalon

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13
Q

Raised regions of the Cerebrum

A

Gyri

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14
Q

Invaginations between the Gyri of the Cerebrum

A

Sulci

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15
Q

(Motor/Somatosensory) Cortex is more ventral in location

A

Primary Motor Cortex

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16
Q

The Primary (Motor/Somatosensory) Cortex is more dorsal in location

A

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

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17
Q

Lobe of the brain; responsible for thinking, planning, problem solving, and executive function

A

Frontal lobe

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18
Q

Lobe of the brain; responsible for memory, understanding language, and hearing

A

Temporal lobe

19
Q

Lobe of the brain; responsible for vision

A

Occipital lobe

20
Q

Lobe of the brain; responsible for sensation, reading, body orientation (knowing left from right), spatial relationships

A

Parietal lobe

21
Q

Part of the brain; responsible for breathing, blood pressure, heartbeat, body temperature, digestion, respiration, and sleep

A

Brainstem

22
Q

Part of the brain; responsible for balance, coordination and fine muscle control

A

Cerebellum (think of ballerina)

23
Q

Of the various parts of the brain, the ______________________ is the most crucial as it serves numerous critical functions (breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, digestion, etc.) needed for life

A

Brainstem

24
Q

Structure that connects to two hemispheres

A

Corpus Callosum

25
Q

What 3 structures make up the Brainstem

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

26
Q

Best view to visualize Brain Vasculature (Anterior/Posterior/Superior/Inferior)

A

Inferior (or “Basal” or “Ventral”)

27
Q

Communicating network of cavities that produce and are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and located within the brain parenchyma

A

Ventricles

28
Q

Structure located near the center of the brain and lateral ventricles, sitting astride the thalamus within each hemisphere of the brain; individually, they resemble a C-shape and is part of the basal ganglia

A

Caudate (nucleus)

29
Q

Paired structure and is part of the basal ganglia; lateral to the Globus Pallidus; together with the caudate nucleus, helps the body with all aspects of physical movement

A

Putamen

30
Q

Paired structure of the basal ganglia; located just deep to the Putamen; plays a role in physical movement

A

Globus Pallidus

31
Q

White matter structure situated in the inferomedial part of each cerebral hemisphere of the brain; carries information past the basal ganglia, separating the caudate nucleus and the thalamus (medial) from the putamen and the globus pallidus (lateral)

A

Internal Capsule

32
Q

Both neuron cell bodies and their axons are “clustered”, but neurons in a cluster can serve different functions (True or False)

A

False; neurons in a cluster share similar functions

33
Q

The (white/gray) matter is the (outer/inner) part of the brain and consists of neuron cell bodies

A

Gray; outer

34
Q

The (white/gray) matter is the (outer/inner) part of the brain and consists of neuron axons

A

White; inner

35
Q

Topography in the nervous system when a specific part of the body is associated with a distinct location in the CNS

A

Somatopy

36
Q

Describe the general Somatopy of the brain (from medial to lateral)

A

Feet–>torso–>hands–> face–> mouth and tongue*

*sensory and motor follow similar pattern

37
Q

Term for when neurons cross the midline to the opposite side

A

Decussation

38
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side

39
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite side

40
Q

The ________ __________ in each ventricle makes CSF from blood plasma

A

Choroid Plexus (secretory tissue)

41
Q

Ventricular chamber in the spinal cord; very small

A

Central canal

42
Q

Special cells that line the ventricles/chambers

A

Ependyma (CNS glial cells)

43
Q

What are the 3 meninges (outermost–> innermost)

A

Dura Mater
Arachnoid*
Pia Mater*

*Subarachnoid space inbetween

44
Q

Difference between the Third and Fourth Ventricle

A

Separated by the Cerebral Aqueduct

Neurology-Week 1 (9 decks)

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