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Neurology-Week 1 > Anatomy of Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Anatomy of Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

5 main regions of the spinal cord

A 
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal
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2
Q

Spinal nerves that are sensory (DORSAL root) are considered (efferent/afferent) and have their cell bodies where?

A

Afferent; DORSAL root ganglion

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3
Q

Spinal nerves that are motor (VENTRAL root) are considered (efferent/afferent) and have their cell bodies where?

A

Efferent; VENTRAL horn of gray matter

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4
Q

Invagination on the posterior side of the spinal cord

A

Dorsal Median SULCUS

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5
Q

Invagination on the anterior side of the spinal cord

A

Ventral Median FISSURE

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6
Q

Central connection of the gray matter from each side of the spinal cord

A

Commissure

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7
Q

What are the 4 portions of white matter in the spinal cord (hint, based on orientation)?

A

Dorsal funiculus (column)
Lateral funiculus
Ventral funiculus
Anterolateral funiculus

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8
Q

The spinal cord diameter is widest at what sections?

A

Cervical
Lumbosacral

*sites enlargement due to additional neurons innervating the upper/lower limb.

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9
Q

What arteries give rise to the 3 spinal arteries?

A

vertebral arteries

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10
Q

what are the 3 spinal arteries that arise from the vertebral arteries?

A

1 anterior spinal artery

2 posterior spinal arteries

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11
Q

Each posterior spinal artery supplies ________ SENSORY area within the dorsal column

A

unilateral

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12
Q

Anterior spinal artery supplies MOTOR and SENSORY areas ________

A

bilaterally

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13
Q

Somatotopy exists for the neurons originating in the spinal cord gray matter, with neurons innervating PROXIMAL muscles (thorax, abdomen, etc.) being located in the (medial/lateral) gray matter

A

Medial

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14
Q

Somatotopy exists for the neurons originating in the spinal cord gray matter, with neurons innervating DISTAL muscles (arms, legs, fingers, toes, etc.) being located in the (medial/lateral) gray matter

A

Lateral

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15
Q

The Primary Motor Cortex is also known as…

A

Precentral Gyrus

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16
Q

The Primary Somatosensory Cortex is also known as…

A

Postcentral Gyrus

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17
Q

Pattern of the 3 neuron chain involved in the Ascending/Sensory Tract

A 
#1 is a spinal nerve that perceives sensation in the periphery
#2 in spinal cord and decussates
#3 in thalamus, receives stimulus and transfers to appropriate center (Postcentral Gyrus)
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18
Q

The Ascending/Sensory Tracts are always (2/3) neuron chains

A

3 neuron chains

19
Q

The Descending/Motor Tracts are always (2/3) neuron chains

A

Trick question: VOLUNTARY pathways, such as the Corticospinal tract, is a 2 neuron system, but involuntary tracts (like the Hypothalamospinal tract) can be 3 neuron systems

20
Q

Which neuron in the Ascending/Sensory tract is responsible for decussating

A

Neuron #2

21
Q

Portion of spinal cord White Matter that carries nerves for Pain and Temperature

A

Anterolateral column

  • STT
22
Q

Portion of spinal cord White Matter that carries nerves for Fine Touch, Vibration, pressure, and Proprioception

A

dorsal column

  • DCML
23
Q

The (Spinothalamic/Dorsal Column) tract has it’s second neuron cell body and decussate at the level of the spinal cord

A

Spinothalamic tract

24
Q

The (Spinothalamic/Dorsal Column) tract has it’s second neuron cell body and decussate at the Caudal Medulla

A

DCML

25
Q

Pattern of the 2 neuron chain involved in the Descending/Motor Corticospinal Tract

A 
#1 in Precentral Gyrus (Upper Motor Neuron)
(90% decussate in medulla forming Lateral Corticospinal tract)
#2 in spinal cord Ventral Horn (Lower Motor Horn) and exits into spinal nerve
26
Q

The 1st neuron of the Descending/Motor tract is called the…

A

Upper Motor Neuron (UMN)

27
Q

The 2nd neuron of the Descending/Motor tract is called the…

A

Lower Motor Neuron (LMN)

28
Q

90% of the Descending/Motor Corticospinal Tract will decussate in the medulla forming what tract?

A

Lateral Corticospinal Tract (innervate limbs)

29
Q

10% of the Descending/Motor Corticospinal Tract will NOT decussate in the medulla forming what tract?

A

Ventral Corticospinal Tract (innervate torso/trunk)

30
Q

The Ventral Corticospinal Tract does not decussate (True or False)

A

False; it does, but NOT at the Medulla (like the Lateral tract); it WILL decussate at the level truncal/core muscles.

31
Q

The Lateral Corticospinal Tract, which decussates, will innervate the (limbs/trunk)

A

Limbs

32
Q

The Ventral Corticospinal Tract, which DOESN’T decussate, will innervate the (limbs/trunk)

A

Trunk

33
Q

Stroke or damage of UMN of LCST can cause paralysis or weakness of ipsilateral/contralateral limb muscles

A

contralateral (LCST decussates at the medulla (pyramids))

34
Q

Type of Descending/Motor Tract; 4 neuron relay
1. carries descending sympathetic (autonomic nervious system) info from the hypothalamus

  1. One of its neuron synapses in the Sympathetic Chain Ganglion
  2. One of its neuron traverses via internal carotid artery to innervate face (pupil, eyelid, sweat glands, skin vessels)
A

Hypothalamospinal tract

  • travels next to LCST in the lateral column of white mater
35
Q

The lesion in the Hypothalamospinal sympathetic pathway causes Horner’s Syndrome, such as PAM (ptosis, anhydrosis, and miosis), flushing on the (ipsi/contra)lateral side

A

Ipsilateral side (same side)

36
Q

Pupil constriction

A

Miosis (unopposed parasympathetic)

37
Q

Eyelid droop

A

Ptosis (loss of sup. tarsal muscle)

38
Q

No sweating

A

Anhydrosis

39
Q

Types of Ascending/Sensory Tracts (2 total)

A

Spinothalamic Tract

DCML

40
Q

Types of Descending/Motor Tracts (2 total)

A

Ventral Corticospinal Tract

Lateral Corticospinal Tract

41
Q

There are (one/two) posterior spinal arteries and (one/two) anterior arteries

A

2 posterior

1 anterior

42
Q

The Posterior arteries supply the (sensory/motor/both) areas of the spinal column

A

Sensory only (and UNILATERAL since there are two)

43
Q

The Anterior artery supplies the (sensory/motor/both) areas of the spinal column

A

BOTH motor and sensory areas bilaterally

44
Q

The spinothalamic tract is aka

A

anterolateral tract

Neurology-Week 1 (9 decks)

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