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Neurology-Week 1 > Anatomy of The Skull > Flashcards

Anatomy of The Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Part of the skull; forms the protective case (“vault”) around the brain

A

Neurocranium

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2
Q

Part of the skull; forms the structure of the face; formed mainly by the pharyngeal arches; quite small at birth

A

Viscerocranium

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3
Q

The (Neurocranium/Viscerocranium) is very small at birth compared to the other

A

Viscerocranium

*absence of paranasal sinuses, no teeth and small mandible

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4
Q

Bone of the skull; forms the forehead and superior aspects of the orbit

A

Frontal bone

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5
Q

Bone of the skull; surrounds the nasal cavity and forms the floor of the orbit

A

Maxilla

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6
Q

Bone of the skull; form the cheek bones and lateral part of the orbit

A

Zygomatic bone

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7
Q

Bone of the skull; forms the lower jaw

A

Mandible

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8
Q

What are the three pairs of foramina on the Anterior aspect of the skull

A

Supraorbital foramen
Infraorbital foramen
Mental foramen

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9
Q

Purpose of the paired foramina (supra/infraorbital foramen, mental foramen) for the face?

A

Passage for the nerves (trigeminal nerve) and vessels for face and forehead

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10
Q

Bones that contribute to the Cranial Cavity (or skull base)

A

Frontal
Temporal
Occipital
Sphenoid

*not sure why Parietal is not included? because it forms the calvarium maybe?

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11
Q

Spot where the 4 flat bones (frontal, temporal, occipital, SPHENOID) of the skull join and articulate together; located near the temple

A

Pterion

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12
Q

The paired Parietal bones are joined by the midline ______________ suture;

A

Sagittal

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13
Q

The Parietal bones articulate with the Occipital bone via the ________ suture; with the Frontal bone via the ________ suture

A

Lambdoid; Coronal

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14
Q

Prominent osseous/bony protrusion on the posterior aspect of the Occiput

A

External Occipital Protuberance

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15
Q

What is formed by the paired parietal bones, frontal bone, and the occipital bone

A

“skullcap”

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16
Q

Small recesses/pits on the inside of the skullcap; produced by the Arachnoid Granulations to reabsorb CSF into the venous system

A

Foveolae

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17
Q

3 layers of the Skull bones

A 
Outer table (dense)
Middle diploe (spongy)
Inner table (thin)
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18
Q

Branch of the maxillary artery; courses just beneath the Pterion (region where the frontal-parietal-sphenoid-temporal bones articulate); easily lacerated following trauma and can cause epidural hematoma and therefore herniation of brain (SCARY!)

A

Middle Meningeal artery

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19
Q

Collectively, the Arachnoid and Pia mater are referred to as the…

A

Leptomeninges

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20
Q

The _________ space contains the CSF

A

Subarachnoid

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21
Q

The Dura Mater is composed of what 2 layers?

A 
Outer Periosteal (tightly adhered to inner surface of skull)
Inner Meningeal layer
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22
Q

Layer of Dura Mater; tightly adhered to inner surface of the skull, particularly the sutures

A

Outer Periosteal

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23
Q

Where the Dural Layers (Outer and Inner) diverge; form spaces which collect and drain venous blood from the brain

A

Dural Venous Sinuse

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24
Q

After dividing from the Outer Periosteal layer, the Inner Meningeal layers converge to form septa to separate and support parts of the brain

A

Dural Partitions

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25
Vertical, sickle-shaped partitions/septa that separates the cerebral hemispheres
Falx Cerebri
26
Horizontal partition/septa which separates the Occipital lobe from the Cerebellum; has a U-shaped opening called the "tentorial notch" which is a common site for brain herniations
Tentorium Cerebelli
27
U-shaped opening in the Tentorium Cerebelli which is a common site for brain herniations
Tentorial Notch (yellow lines)
28
Examples of the 7 main Dural Venous Sinuses
``` Superior Sagittal sinus Inferior Sagittal sinus Straight sinus Transverse sinuses Sigmoid Sinus Cavernous Sinus Confluence of Sinuses (occiput) ```
29
The Dural Venous Sinuses eventually drain into the _____________
Internal Jugular Veins
30
The dural venous sinuses are (valved/valveless) channels that drain venous blood from the brain and cranial cavity
Valveless (thus can flow in either direction)
31
Special dural venous sinus that lies on BOTH sides of the pituitary gland AND has several nerves (CN 3-6) and the Internal Carotid artery
Cavernous sinus
32
What arteries and nerves are within the Cavernous sinus
``` Internal Carotid artery Oculomotor (III) Trochlear (IV) Trigeminal (division V1 and V2) Abducens (VI) ```
33
Since facial veins drain venous blood into the Cavernous Sinus, facial/dental/sinus infections within the _______________ _______________ can spread into the cranial cavity and cause a Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
Danger Triangle
34
Symptoms of Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
Eye/orbital swelling (venous congestion) Facial pain/numbness (V1 and V2) Dysfunctional eye movements (CN III, IV, and VI) Meningitis
35
Small tufts of arachnoid mater that protrude through the dura into the venous sinus; serve to transfer circulating CSF into the venous system
Arachnoid Granulations
36
How much CSF is produced daily
500-1000 mL
37
Enlargements of the subarachnoid spaces
Cisterns
38
Largest cistern in the skull
Cerebellomedullary cistern
39
Examples of the 4 main cisterns of the brain
Cerebellomedullary (largest) Quadrigeminal Pontomedullary Interpeduncular
40
"potential" space between the dura and the skull
Epidural space
41
"potential" space between the dura and arachnoid
Subdural space
42
REAL space between the arachnoid and pia; contains the CSF and large cerebral vessels
Subarachnoid space
43
Epidural hematomas are due to the rupture of _______ and have a _________ shape on imaging studies
middle Meningeal artery; biconvex "lens-like"
44
Subdural hematomas are due to the rupture of | _______ and have a ______________ shape on imaging studies
Cerebral vein; crescent
45
Subarachnoid hemorrhages are often from ruptured aneurysms of _________
Cerebral arteries
46
How do patients describe the pain of a Subarachnoid hemorrhage
"Worst headache of my life" | "thunderclap" headache (sudden onset)
47
Small, saddle-like depression in the Sphenoid; houses and protects the Pituitary gland
Sella Turcica
48
What passes through the Cribriform plate (nerve)
Olfactory nerve (CN 1)
49
What passes through the Optic canal (nerve and artery) (2 total)
``` Optic nerve (CN 2) Ophthalmic artery ```
50
What passes through the Superior Orbital fissure (nerves and artery) (5 total)
CNs 3, 4, V1 and 6 Ophthalmic veins *Cavernous sinus
51
What passes through the Foramen Rotundum (nerve)
Maxillary (V2) of Trigeminal
52
What passes through the Foramen Ovale (nerve)
Mandibular (V3) of Trigeminal
53
What passes through the Carotid Canal (artery)
Internal Carotid artery
54
What passes through the Foramen Spinosum (artery)
Middle Meningeal artery
55
What passes through the Internal Acoustic Meatus (nerves) (2 total)
Facial (CN 7) | Vestibulocochlear (CN 8)
56
What passes through the Jugular Foramen (nerves) (3 total)
Glossopharyngeal (CN 9) Vagus (CN 10) Accessory (CN 11)
57
What passes through the Hypoglossal Canal (nerve)
Hypoglossal (CN 12)
58
The cranial dura mater is (poorly/highly) innervated and receives sensory innervation from what nerves?
Highly; Trigeminal (V1-V3) --> think of scalp * also vagus (CN 10), and CN 1-2
59
What are the tufts of arachnoid mater that serve as sites for reabsorption of CSF into the venous system?
Arachnoid granulations
60
The developing skull bones are joined by sutures and ________ that are not yet replaced by bone. Therefore ossification of the infant skull is ______ at birth.
fontanelles; incomplete
61
What are the major fontanelles in the infant skull?
1. Anterior fontanelle 2. Posterior fontanelle 3. Sphenoid fontanelles (2) 4. Mastoid Fontanelles (2)
62
___________ anterior fontanelle means dehydrated infant _______ anterior fontanelle means increased intracranial pressure
sunken | Bulging
63
The birth defect of premature closure of sutures/fontanelles
Craniosynostosis
64
Premature closure of the sagittal suture --> results in _______ neurocranium
Scaphocephaly; long-narrow
65
Premature closure of the coronal suture --> results in _______ neurocranium
brachycephaly; short-wide
66
Raccoon eyes, hemotympanum (bleeding ear), battle sign (mastoid process bruising), and otorrhea/rhinnorhea are clinical signs indicating
base of skull fracture (the thief)

Neurology-Week 1 (9 decks)

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