Spinal Cord Anatomy and BS

Question 1

What is the primary pathway of communication between the brain and peripheral nervous system?

Answer 1

Spinal cord

Question 2

How many spinal cord segments and categorize them

Answer 2

There are 31 spinal cord segments
Cervical 7
Thoracic 12
Lumbar 5
Sacral 5
Coccygeal 2

Question 3

What merge to form a spinal nerve each with a pair of ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) spinal nerve roots, which mediate motor and sensory function, respectively.

Answer 3

Dorsal root and ventral root

Question 4

Ventral (anterior) spinal nerve roots mediate what kind of function motor or sensory ?

Answer 4

Motor

Question 5

Dorsal (posterior) spinal nerve roots mediate what kind of function motor or sensory ?

Answer 5

Sensory

Question 6

The spinal cord extends from the base of the skull and terminates where?

Answer 6

first lumbar vertebral body (L1).

Question 7

What occurs below L1? that comprise what?

Answer 7

Below that level, the spinal canal contains the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal spinal nerve roots that comprise the cauda equina.

Question 8

Is the spinal cord and the vertebral segment level the same? why or why not?

Answer 8

Because the spinal cord is shorter than the vertebral column, vertebral and spinal cord segmental levels are not necessarily the same.

Question 9

The C1 through C8 spinal cord segments lie between the

Answer 9

C1 through C7 vertebral levels

Question 10

The T1 through T12 spinal cord segments lie between

Answer 10

T1 through T8.

Question 11

The five lumbar spinal cord segments are situated at

Answer 11

T9 through T11 vertebral levels,

Question 12

S1 through S5 Spinal cord segments lie between

Answer 12

T12 to L1.

Question 13

The C1 through C7 nerve roots emerge from above or below the vertebrae?

Answer 13

above their respective vertebrae

Question 14

The C8 nerve root emerges

Answer 14

between the C7 and T1 vertebral bodies.

Question 15

What is the first cervical vertebrae called?

Answer 15

Atlas

Question 16

What is the 2nd cervical vertebrae called ?

Answer 16

Axis

Question 17

Pivots on each other

Answer 17

Atlas pivots on axis

Question 18

The interface between the first and second vertebra is called the

Answer 18

atlanto-axis junction.

Question 19

Segment that innervate the skin and musculature of the upper extremity and diaphragm

Answer 19

Cervical spinal segments

Question 20

C3 through C5 innervate the________ which is the chief muscle for __________ via _____nerve

Answer 20

diaphragm, the chief muscle of inspiration, via the phrenic nerve

Question 21

What cervical segments innervate the shoulder and arm musculature?

Answer 21

C4 through C7

Question 22

What cervical segment innervate the forearm extensors and flexors?

Answer 22

C6 through C8

Question 23

What segments innervate the hand musculature?

Answer 23

C8 through T1

Question 24

These muscles are the main muscles of expiration.

Answer 24

Abdominal wall musculature.

Question 25

Which segment contains the sympathetic nerves that innervate the heart and abdominal organs?

Answer 25

The thoracic cord

Question 26

Level Mediate hip flexion

Answer 26

L2 and L3

Question 27

Level Mediate knee extension

Answer 27

L3 and L4

Question 28

Level Mediate ankle dorsiflexion and hip extension

Answer 28

L4 and L5

Question 29

Level Mediate knee flexion

Answer 29

L5 and S1

Question 30

Level Mediate ankle plantar flexion

Answer 30

S1 and S2

Question 31

Sacral nerve roots S3 through S5 originate in the narrow terminal part of the cord, called the

Answer 31

Conus medullaris.

Question 32

The spinal cord contains

Answer 32

The gray matter, the butterfly-shaped central region, and the surrounding white matter tracts.

Question 33

The spinal cord gray matter, which contains the________is made up of

Answer 33

neuronal cell bodies, is made up of the dorsal and ventral horns

Question 34

Is the entry point of sensory information into the central nervous system? It is divided into______

Answer 34

The dorsal horn;six layers or laminae that process sensory information.

Question 35

the dorsal horn also modulates

Answer 35

pain transmission through spinal and supraspinal regulatory circuits.

Question 36

The motor nuclei of the spinal cord are contained within _______which also contains interneurons mediating information from other descending tracts of the ______and_______

Answer 36

the ventral horn; pyramidal and extrapyramidal motor systems.

Question 37

Blood supply of spinal cord

Answer 37

Single anterior artery (supply 2/3 of SC)

2 posterior spinal arteries (supply the dorsal column)

Question 38

Various ___________of the __________ provide additional blood supply to the spinal arteries

Answer 38

Radicular arteries

Thoracic and abdominal

Question 39

The LARGEST andMOST CONSISTENTLY present of radicular branches is the

Answer 39

Great VENTRAL RADICULAR ARTERY

or ARTERY of ADAMKIEWICZ

Question 40

Spinal anatomy

Answer 40

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