LEO CHEAT SHEET Flashcards
Larynx innervation is by the
Vagus nerve
Motor innervation of larynx: 2 parts
External Superior Laryngeal
Recurrent Laryngeal
the SLN (external branch) innervates the
Cricothyroid muscle, which tenses and adducts the vocal cords.
Which muscle TENSES the vocal cords
CricoThyroid muscle (add)
Which muscle RELAXES the vocal cords
ThyroaRytenoids
Muscle ADDUCT cord
Lateral Cricoarytenoids (bring it in from the side)
Muscle ABDUCT cord
Posterior Cricoarytenoids (You take it out back)
Sensory ABOVE VOCAL CORDS
Internal Superior Laryngeal
Sensory BELOW ABOVE LOCAL Cords
Recurrent Laryngeal
Pharynx: Motor provided by
Spinal Accessory
Pharynx: Sensory provided by
Glossopharyngeal
Normal P50 =
26-27 mm Hg
Factors shifting Oxygen Dissociation curve to the right
CADET faces RiGHT Increase CO2 Increase [H+] (Acidosis) Decrease pH Increase Temp Increase 2-3 DPG Sickle cell
Factors shifting Oxygen Dissociation curve to the LEFT
Decrease CO2 Decrease [H+] (Alkalosis) Increase pH Decrease Temp Increase CO poisoining(Carboxyhemoglobin) Fetal Hemoglobin Methemoglobin Sickle cell
Right shift significance
Release (RR) Decrease O2 affinity (increase RELEASE of O2 to the tissues)
Left shift significant
Love O2 (LL) Increase O2 affinity
Bohr effect” PaCO2 affects Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
A decrease in pH shifts the standard curve to the right, while an increase shifts it to the left.Carbon dioxide affects the curve in two ways: first, it influences intracellular pH, known as the Bohr Effect,
Co2 and H+ Affect O2 delivery
The oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shows the relationship between the
hemoglobin saturation (SO2) at different oxygen tensions (PO2).
The P50
is the oxygen tension at which hemoglobin is 50% saturated.
The haldane effect states that
PaO2 affects the dissociation curve
Hamburger shift is
Also known as Chloride shift. Cl- exchange for HCO3 in RBCs,, HCO2 out , Cl in ; non-pulmonary
SaO2 of 90 is PaO2 of
60
SaO2 of 70 is PaO2 of
40
Dissolved O2 formula
0.003 x PaO2
O2 bound to HgB =
(1.34 x HgB) (SaO2)
Total O2 Content =
(0.003 X PaO2) + (1.34 X HgB) (SaO2)
O2 consumption formula
250 ml/min which is 3-4 ml/kg/min
Dissolved Co2
0.067 x PaCO2
Control of ventilation is in the
Brainstem
Primary Respiratory Center are
Dorsal Respiratory Group (Pacemaker)
Ventral Respiratory Group
Primary Respiratory Center located in the
Medulla
What are the 2nd respiratory Centers? where are they located ?
Apneustic
Pneumotaxic
PONS
Receptors in medulla
Central chemoreceptors
Peripheral Chemoreceptors,
The aortic and carotid bodies,
Central chemoreceptors located in the Medulla respond to
Located within the medulla, they are sensitive to the pH of their environment. peripheral chemoreceptors:
Role of Peripheral Chemoreceptors
which act principally to detect variation of the oxygen concentration in the arterial blood, also monitor arterial carbon dioxide and pH.
Why are central and peripheral receptors important?
This is an important mechanism for maintaining arterial blood pO2, pCO2, and pH within appropriate physiological ranges.
Hering-Breuer reflex:
Vagus nerve, prevents over- stretching prevent the over-inflation of the lung.
Physiologic Dead Space =
Anatomic DS + Alveolar DS
Anatomic DS =
Conducting air passageways + ETT≈ 2ml/kg
Alveolar DS =
Ventilation without perfusion
Compliance =
Δ V/ Δ P
Lateral Decubitus Un-anesthesized: V is
Nondependent Decrease
Dependent Increase
Lateral Decubitus Un-anesthesized: Q is
Nondependent Decrease
Dependent Increase
Lateral Decubitus Anesthesized: V
Non dependent increase
Dependent Decrease
Lateral Decubitus Anesthesized: Q
Non dependent decrease
Dependent Increase
Jackson-REESE
Minimuim flow 5L/min
2.5-3 x MV
Bain Circuit min flow
70ml/kg for CV, or 100-300ml/kg For SV
