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Neurology > spinal cord > Flashcards

spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

structure that links the brain and the rest of the body

A

spinal cord

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2
Q

structure that extends from the foramen magnum to vertebra L1-2

A

spinal cord

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3
Q

cone shaped end of the spinal cord

A

conus medullaris

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4
Q

what protects the spinal cord

A

vertebrae, 3 meninges, cerebrospinal fluid

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5
Q

are the meninges of the spinal cord continuous with those covering the brain?

A

yes

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6
Q

at which end is the spinal cord thickest

A

superior

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7
Q

what part of the nervous system is the cauda equina part of?

A

PNS

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8
Q

continuation of the spinal cord in thin fibres past L1-2

A

cauda equina

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9
Q

where is the cauda equina found relative to the meninges?

A

subarachnoid space

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10
Q

the vertebral/neural foramina form what structure to protect the spinal cord

A

vertebral/neural/spinal canal

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11
Q

a bundle of spinal nerves, all of which originate in the conus medullaris

A

cauda equina

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12
Q

space located between the dura and interior surface of the neural canal

A

epidural space

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13
Q

space in the spinal cord that contains veins, arteries, and fat

A

epidural space

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14
Q

the injection of medication, often an analgesic, into the epidural space

A

an epidural

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15
Q

a needles is inserted between two lumbar vertebrae below the conus meullaris, into the subarachnoid space, to extract CSF

A

lumbar puncture

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16
Q

the area of the spinal cord from which a pare of dorsal and ventral roots arise

A

spinal cord segment

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17
Q

what are the distinct boundaries between spinal cord segments

A

there are none

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18
Q

structure at which the anterior and posterior nerve roots joint

A

intervertebral foramen

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19
Q

bony channel between adjacent vertebrae

A

intervertebral foramen

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20
Q

nerve root of the spinal cord that carries afferent information

A

dorsal/posterior

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21
Q

nerve root of the spinal cord that carries efferent information

A

ventral/anterior

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22
Q

structures found on each vertebra that project posteriorly to form spinous processes

A

laminae

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23
Q

the length of nerve roots increases progressively moving which direction along the spinal cord

A

inferiorly

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24
Q

structure formed by the lumbar and sacral spinal nerve roots below the conus medullaris

A

cauda equina

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25
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves/segments

A

31

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26
Q

how many cervical spinal nerve pairs

A

8

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27
Q

how many thoracic spinal nerve pairs

A

12

28
Q

how many lumbar nerve pairs

A

5

29
Q

how many sacral nerve pairs

A

5

30
Q

how many coccygeal nerve pairs

A

1-3

31
Q

how do names of spinal nerves correspond to the names of vertebrae

A

spinal nerves emerge inferiorly to vertebrae, except for cervical vertebrae

32
Q

how do names of cervical spinal nerves correspond to the cervical vertebrae

A

spinal nerve emerges superiorly from vertebrae of C1-7, then the C8 nerve emerges inferiorly to C7.

33
Q

anterior structure that partially divides the spinal cord into left and right sides

A

anterior median fissure

34
Q

posterior structure that partially divides the spinal cord into left and right sides

A

posterior median sulcus

35
Q

tissue that resembles a butterfly or letter H in the spinal cord

A

grey matter

36
Q

tissue surrounding grey matter

A

white matter

37
Q

tissue consisting of the cell bodies of neurons, neuroglia, unmyelinated axons, and dendrites of interneurons/motor neurons

A

gray matter

38
Q

structure within gray matter, filled with CSF and runs longitudinally through the spinal cord

A

central canal

39
Q

structure that runs through the spinal cord and is contiguous with the ventricular system of the brain

A

central canal

40
Q

axons carrying afferent signals entering the dorsal horn of grey matter usually synapse with hundreds of these

A

interneurons

41
Q

these connect with other neurons within the spinal cord and/or their axons form ascending sensory pathways that will synapse with higher brain centers

A

interneurons

42
Q

horn of gray matter that contains the cell bodies of lower motor neurons

A

ventral/anterior horn

43
Q

these innervate the muscles of the head

A

lower motor neurons in the cranial nerves

44
Q

where to lower motor neurons that leave the spinal cord innervate?

A

muscles of the body

45
Q

structure of grey matter, present at 14 levels of the spinal cord (T1-L2)

A

lateral horn

46
Q

the lateral horn cell bodies are the route for all of what system outflow

A

sympathetic nervous system

47
Q

aka for the sympathetic nervous system in reference to the spinal cord

A

thoracolumbar outflow

48
Q

aka for the parasympathetic nervous system in reference to the spinal cord

A

cranial sacral outflow

49
Q

motor neurons whose cell bodies are found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord and cranial nerve nuclei of the brainstem

A

lower motor neurons

50
Q

all voluntary movement relies on these neurons

A

lower motor neurons

51
Q

lower muscle neuron type that innervate extrafusal muscle fibres

A

alpha motor neurons

52
Q

aka for alpha motor neurons

A

anterior horn cells

53
Q

lower motor neuron type that innervate skeletal muscles

A

alpha motor neurons

54
Q

lower motor neuron type that innervates intrafusal muscle fibres

A

gamma motor neurons

55
Q

lower motor neuron type that are an important part of proprioception

A

gamma motor neurons

56
Q

tissue consisting of myelinated and unmyelinated axons of sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons

A

white matter

57
Q

tissue containing ascending and descending tracts

A

white matter

58
Q

bundled axons in the CNS

A

tracts

59
Q

these tracts are sensory tracts

A

ascending

60
Q

these tracts are motor tracts

A

descending

61
Q

most sensory tract names begin with this prefix and end with the part of the brain to which it leads

A

spino-

62
Q

motor tract names end with this suffix and begin with the part of the brain from which it originates

A

-spinal

63
Q

tract that carries information to the lower limb

A

fasciculus gracilis

64
Q

tract that carries information to the upper limb

A

fasciculus cuneatus

65
Q

a condition where the space in the vertebral canal narrows

A

spinal stenosis

66
Q

why does the spinal canal narrow?

A

degenerative changes in vertebrae as we age

Neurology (11 decks)

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