intro to cranial nerves Flashcards
1
Q
a network of 43 pairs of motor and sensory neves that connect the brain and spinal cord to the entire human body
A
peripheral nervous system
2
Q
how many peripheral nerve pairs are spinal nerves
A
31
3
Q
how many peripheral nerve pairs are cranial nerves
A
12
4
Q
where do most cranial nerves originate
A
brainstem
5
Q
which two cranial nerves do not originate in the brainstem
A
CN 1 and 2
6
Q
How are cranial nerves numbered
A
according to the sequence in which they leave the brain
7
Q
all spinal nerves are what kind of nerves
A
mixed (afferent and efferent)
8
Q
what kind of nerves are cranial nerves
A
either afferent or efferent, or mixed
9
Q
CN 1 is what kind of nerve
A
sensory
10
Q
CN2 is what kind of nerve
A
sensory
11
Q
CN3 is what kind of nerve
A
motor
12
Q
CN4 is what kind of nerve
A
motor
13
Q
CN5 is what kind of nerve
A
mixed
14
Q
CN6 is what kind of nerve
A
motor
15
Q
CN7 is what kind of nerve
A
mixed
16
Q
CN8 is what kind of nerve
A
sensory
17
Q
CN9 is what kind of nerve
A
mixed
18
Q
CN10 is what kind of nerve
A
mixed
19
Q
CN11 is what kind of nerve
A
motor
20
Q
CN12 is what kind of nerve
A
motor
21
Q
name of CN1
A
olfactory nerve
22
Q
name of CN2
A
optic nerve
23
Q
name of CN3
A
oculomotor nerve
24
Q
name of CN4
A
trochlear nerve
25
name of CN5
trigeminal nerve
26
name of CN6
abducens nerve
27
name of CN7
facial nerve
28
name of CN8
vestibulocochlear nerve
29
name of CN9
glossopharyngeal nerve
30
name of CN10
vagus nerve
31
name of CN11
accessory nerve
32
name of CN12
hypoglossal nerve
33
function of CN12
tongue
34
the sensory pathways of the cranial nerves contain what in
ganglia in the PNS
35
the sensory pathways of the cranial nerves contain what in
ganglia in the PNS
36
cranial nerve function: during breathing air molecules attach and dissolve in the olfactory epithelium and stimulate hair cells, transducing chemical activity into APs
olfactory nerve (CN1)
37
how many olfactory sensors do humans have
~40 million
38
where does the olfactory tract transmit signals in the brain
olfactory cortex of temporal lobe, parts of limbic system
39
disorder wherein you have no sense of smell
anosmia
40
disorder wherein you have no sense of smell
anosmia
41
cranial nerve, leaves the back of the eye and reaches the visual cortex in the occipital lobe where APs are interpreted as visual images
optic nerve (CN2)
42
clouding of the lens of the eye most commonly due to aging
cataract
43
a common eye condition in which the macula of the retina deteriorates along with central vision
macular degeneration
44
the central portion of the retina
macula
45
a group of disorders that result in optic nerve damage, often associated with increased fluid intraocular pressure
glaucoma
46
a group of disorders that result in optic nerve damage, often associated with increased fluid intraocular pressure
glaucoma
47
location of CN2 relative to the eye
superior
48
location of CN3 relative to the eye
inferior
49
location of CN4 relative to the eye
medial
50
location of CN5 relative to the eye
lateral
51
cranial nerve function: supplies sensations to the face, mucous membranes, and other structures of the head. also muscles of mastication+proprioceptive fibres
trigeminal nerve (CN5)
52
how many divisions of CN5
3
53
which division of CN5 is the ophthalmic division
CN5-1
54
which division of CN5 is the maxillary division
CN5-2
55
which division of CN5 is the mandibular division
CN5-3
56
which division of CN5 is the mandibular division
CN5-3
57
what do all three divisions of CN5 carry, and where from?
sensory information from the skin of the face, mucous membranes of the nasal/oral cavities
58
one of the most painful afflictions known. affecting CN5
trigeminal neuralgia
59
cranial nerve function: muscles of facial expression, tear glands, salivary glands. taste sensation for most of the tongue
CN7 (facial nerve)
60
a form of flaccid paralysis of CN7 that develops suddenly
bell's palsy
61
a form of flaccid paralysis of CN7 that develops suddenly
bell's palsy
62
nerve function: hearing and balance
CN8 (vestibulococlear nerve)
63
nerve function: hearing and balance
CN8 (vestibulocochlear nerve)
64
aka for vestibulocochlear nerve
acoustic/auditory nerve
65
what are the two components of CN8
vestibular and cochlear nerves
66
which component of CN8 carries impulses for equilibrium
vestibular nerve
67
which component of CN8 carries impulses for hearing
cochlear nerve
68
which component of CN8 carries impulses for hearing
cochlear nerve
69
nerve function: taste, afferent limb of the gag response. motor to pharynx
CN9 (glossopharyngeal nerve)
70
nerve function: viscera and glands of the neck, thoracic viscera, abdominal viscera. motor: organs and glands of the neck, thorax, and abdomen up to the proximal colon
CN10 (vagus nerve)
71
cranial nerve that regulates heart rate, gastrointestinal peristalsis, and sweating
CN10 (vagus nerve)
72
cranial nerve responsible for the motor limb of the gag reflex
CN10 (vagus nerve)
73
cranial nerve that regulates the chemical levels in the digestive system
CN10 (vagus nerve)
74
overactivation of this cranial nerve can cause fainting and loss of bladder control
CN10 (vagus nerve)
75
the collection of microbes that live on and in us
the human microbiome
76
the biochemical signaling that takes place between the GI tract and the CNS, endocrine, and immune system
microbiome-gut-brain axis
77
cranial nerve that is motor to SCM and trapezius
CN11 (spinal/accessory nerve)
78
cranial nerve. motor: most extrinsic tongue muscles and all intrinsic muscles of the tonuge
CN12 (hypoglossal nerve)
