introduction to the brain

Question 1

what percentage of the body is made up by the brain

Answer 1

2%

Question 2

how much of the body’s oxygen and calories are taken by the brain

Answer 2

20%

Question 3

the largest portion of the brain, has left and right hemispheres

Answer 3

cerebrum

Question 4

how many lobes in each hemisphere or the cerebrum

Answer 4

4

Question 5

what hemisphere controls what side of the body

Answer 5

opposite/contralateral

Question 6

a 3 millimeter thick outer layer of the cerebrum

Answer 6

cerebral cortex

Question 7

cerebral cortex consists of what type of matter

Answer 7

grey

Question 8

type of brain matter dominated by nuclei

Answer 8

grey

Question 9

shallow grooves dividing the cerebral cortex

Answer 9

sulcus/fissure

Question 10

the “hills” lying between sucli valleys

Answer 10

gyri

Question 11

structure that integrates signals between lobes

Answer 11

association cortex

Question 12

part of the frontal lobe that lies immediately anterior to the central sulcus

Answer 12

motor cortex

Question 13

part of the brain that initiates voluntary contractions of individual muscles in the contralateral side of the body

Answer 13

motor cortex

Question 14

a part of the frontal lobe in which a lesion can result in non-fluent aphasia

Answer 14

broca’s area

Question 15

the impairment of the ability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs

Answer 15

fluent aphasia

Question 16

part of the parietal lobe that lies immediate posterior to the central sulcus, between the frontal and occipital lobes

Answer 16

sensory cortex

Question 17

part of the brain that receives information from receptors in skin, muscles, and joints of the contralateral side of the body

Answer 17

sensory cortex

Question 18

distorted representations of the body based on a neurological “map” of the brain

Answer 18

somatosensory homunculi

Question 19

part of the brain that interprets auditory stimuli

Answer 19

temporal lobe

Question 20

part of the temporal lobe that, when damaged, can lead to fluent aphasia

Answer 20

wernicke’s area

Question 21

an impairment in understanding the speech of others as well as their own mistakes in speech

Answer 21

fluent aphasia

Question 22

part of the brain located posterior to the temporal and parietal lobes

Answer 22

occipital lobe

Question 23

part of the brain that interprets visual stimuli

Answer 23

occipital lobe

Question 24

portion of the cerebral cortex folded deep within the lateral sulcus

Answer 24

insula

Question 25

portion of the cerebral cortex that plays a role in diverse functions linked to homeostasis

Answer 25

insulae

Question 26

a brain structure consisting of a relatively compact cluster of neuron cell blocks

Answer 26

nucleus

Question 27

how does a nucleus of the brain show up in anatomical sections

Answer 27

region of gray matter often bordered by white matter

Question 28

a cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Answer 28

ganglion

Question 29

what is a section of the brain commonly referred to as ganglia

Answer 29

basal nuclei/ganglia

Question 30

a collection of nuclei deep to the grey matter of the cerebral cortex

Answer 30

basal nuclei/ganglia

Question 31

a collection of nuclei that generally help in directing involuntary movements

Answer 31

basal nuclei/ganglia

Question 32

disorder of basal nuclei/ganglia, the presence of abnormal involuntary movements and/or excessive movements

Answer 32

hyperkinesia

Question 33

disorder of basal nuclei/ganglia, the absence, reduction, or difficulty with intended voluntary movements

Answer 33

hypokinesia

Question 34

the most common disorder of basal nuclei/ganglia

Answer 34

parkinson's disease

Question 35

the typical onset of parkinson's diease

Answer 35

60 years old

Question 36

part of the brain located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum and posterior to the brainstem

Answer 36

cerebellum

Question 37

part of the brain that functions as an important centre for coordination of movements and maintenance of balance

Answer 37

cerebellum

Question 38

part of the brain that constantly receives information from proprioceptors, and makes adjustments to ensure planned movements from the motor cortex are successful

Answer 38

cerebellum

Question 39

part of the brain that has extensive connections with the vestibular apparatus and the eyes. helps maintain equilibrium

Answer 39

cerebellum

Question 40

how does the cerebellum work, compared to the cerebrum

Answer 40

cerebellum is ipsilateral, cerebrum contralateral

Question 41

the inability to coordinate the muscles usually most prominent during gait

Answer 41

ataxia

Question 42

the inability to perform accurate movements due to over or under projection

Answer 42

dysmetria

Question 43

movements are broken into simpler component pieces that must be done slowly with much concentration rather than a smooth coordinated movement

Answer 43

decomposition of movement

Question 44

tremor associated with the cerebellum

Answer 44

intention tremor

Question 45

tremor associated with the basal ganglia/nuclei

Answer 45

resting tremor

Question 46

structure of the CNS located superior to the spinal cord

Answer 46

brain stem

Question 47

part of the brain consisting of the medula oblongata, pons, and midbrain

Answer 47

brainstem

Question 48

the caudal/inferior part of the brainstem

Answer 48

medulla oblongata

Question 49

the intermediate part of the brainstem

Answer 49

pons

Question 50

the superior part of the brainstem

Answer 50

midbrain

Question 51

part of the brain generally concerned with the vital functions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 51

brain stem

Question 52

part of the brain that contains nuclei that are reflex centres for regulation of heart rate, respiratory rate, vasoconstriction, swallowing, coughing, vomiting, cardiovascular control, and breathing

Answer 52

brain stem

Question 53

part of the brain that initates auditory and oculomotor reflexes

Answer 53

brain stem

Question 54

part of the brain that contains both motor and sensory tracts that connect the spinal cord and various parts of the brain

Answer 54

brain stem

Question 55

part of the brain that is the site of most of the 12 cranial nerve nuclei

Answer 55

brain stem

Question 56

a large part of the brain stem consisting of small areas of loosely clustered nuclei and tracts

Answer 56

reticular formation

Question 57

part of the brain stem that helps maintain consciousness, causes awakening from sleep, filters out unimportant information, and contributes to regulating muscle tone

Answer 57

reticular formation

Question 58

structure that wraps around the brain stem and lies beneath the cerebral cortex

Answer 58

lymbic system

Question 59

structure with many parts often referred to as the emotional brain

Answer 59

lymbic system

Question 60

part of the lymbic system. the brain's pleasure center

Answer 60

nucleus accumbens

Question 61

part of the lymbic system. plays an important role in emotional behaviors, especially fear and aggresion

Answer 61

amygdala

Question 62

aka for fluent aphasia

Answer 62

wernicke's aphasia

Question 63

aka for non-fluent aphasia

Answer 63

broca's aphasia

Question 64

what part of the brain is associated with linguistic expression

Answer 64

broca's area

Question 65

what part of the brain is associated with linguistic comprehension

Answer 65

wernicke's area