Spinal Cord

Question 1

Compare and contrast the autonomic and somatic branches of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 1

Somatic controls voluntary muscles and conveys sensory info

Autonomic controls involuntary muscles

Question 2

Compare and contrast the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system.

Answer 2

Parasympathetic conserves energy, “rest and digest”
Sympathetic expands energy, “fight or flight”
Para and sympa are both controlled by the hypothalamus, both are in the CNS and use 2 neuron chain

Question 3

What are the meninges and what is the general function of the meninges?

Answer 3

What protect and close off the brain and spin
Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater.
Stabilize and protect the CNS

Question 4

Know the Bell-Magendie law and understand how that incorporates the dorsal and ventral horns and roots. Understand that a spinal nerve has a sensory and a motor component,

Answer 4

The entering dorsal roots carry sensory information to the brain & the exiting ventral roots carry motor information to the muscles and glands
DORSAL=SNESORY, VETRICAL= MOTOR

Question 5

What are dermatomes? What disease is associated with them?

Answer 5

Dermatomes are segments of skin associated with a spinal nerve.
SHINGLES

Question 6

Generally speaking, what is a reflex? Describe the stretch reflex. How are reflexes “modifiable”?

Answer 6

A reflex is a involuntary response to sensory input.
STETCH- muscle contraction in response to stretch.
Modifiable: Suppressed or enhanced by behavior.

Question 7

How is the PNS subdivided?

Answer 7

It is divided into somatic and autonomic.

Question 8

What are the distinct roles of the somatic, sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Answer 8

Somatic- controls voluntary muscles and sensory info
Sympa- expands energy
Para- conserves energy

Question 9

When is sympathetic (1) when each one is activated, (2) placement of ganglia (as well as location of preganglionic neurons), (3) neurotransmitters used, (4) physiological effects.

Answer 9

Sympa- fight or flight. Ganglia near spinal cord. Acetylcholine and norepineherine

Question 10

When is parasympathetic (1) when each one is activated, (2) placement of ganglia (as well as location of preganglionic neurons), (3) neurotransmitters used, (4) physiological effects.

Answer 10

Para- rest and digest. Ganglia near targeted organ. Acetylcholine only

Question 11

Know examples of how the parasymp-NS and symp-NS work opposite each other, unopposed, and together

Answer 11

Sympa- sweat glands and limbs
Para- pupil and bladder
TOGETHER- males erection (para), male ejaculate (sympa)