Gross Anatomy Flashcards
Describe the similarities and differences between human brain and brains of other species.
SAME: Brain areas, chemicals, proteins
DIFFERENCES: brain size: size of individual parts
Illustrate the neuroanatomical directions.
N- Dorsal
E- Posterior
S- Ventral
W- Anterior
Draw and label a cross section of the spinal cord.
N- Anterior
E- Dorsal
S- Posterior
W- Ventral
What is gray matter?
processes information and issues instructions
What is white matter?
Communication pathway between the brain and body
What are the 3 primary divisions of the brain and what major structures are in those division?
Forebrain- Corex, thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal & pituitary gland, basal ganglia, limbic system
Midbrain- visual and auditory
Hindbrain
What 3 structures comprise the brainstem?
Medulla, pons, midbrain
Limbic system general function?
Memory and emotion
Basal Gangila general function?
movement
Whats the lobes of the cortex?
Frontal
Occipital
Temporal
Parietal
Whats frontal lobe?
planning
working memory
impulse control
motor cortex
Whats occipital lobe?
Vision
Whats temporal lobe?
Auditory cortex
Whats parietal lobe?
somatosensory cortex
spatial organization
What is the binding problem?
Binding occurs if you perceive 2 sensations happening at the same time and in the same place.
What are ventricles? What is in them?
Communicating network of cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
Lateral, fourth & third ventricles, cerebral aqueduct, central canal.
What are the meninges and what is the general function of the meninges?
It covers the brain.
Dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater
What is a reflex?
involuntary response to a sensory input
What is a stretch reflex?
muscle contraction in response to stretch
How are reflexs modified?
Modifiable because they can be enhanced by our behaviour
Sympathetic NS: when each one is activated, (2) placement of ganglia, (3) neurotransmitters used
1) fight or flight
2) ganglia near spinal cord
3) acetylcholine and norepinephrine
Parasympathetic NS: when each one is activated, (2) placement of ganglia, (3) neurotransmitters used
1) rest and digest
2) near target organ
3) acetylcholine only
The Blood Barrier:
Surrounds the blood vessels
Allows oxygen and glucose
Tries to prevent bacteria and viruses
Match the glial cells with their function
Schawnn cells- myeilnates axons in PNS
Oligodedrocytes- myeilnates axons in CNS
Astrocytes- contributes to blood bran barrier
Microglia- immune and inflammatory response
The medulla, pons, and midbrain constitute the ________.
Brainstem
