Gross Anatomy

Question 1

Describe the similarities and differences between human brain and brains of other species.

Answer 1

SAME: Brain areas, chemicals, proteins
DIFFERENCES: brain size: size of individual parts

Question 2

Illustrate the neuroanatomical directions.

Answer 2

N- Dorsal
E- Posterior
S- Ventral
W- Anterior

Question 3

Draw and label a cross section of the spinal cord.

Answer 3

N- Anterior
E- Dorsal
S- Posterior
W- Ventral

Question 4

What is gray matter?

Answer 4

processes information and issues instructions

Question 5

What is white matter?

Answer 5

Communication pathway between the brain and body

Question 6

What are the 3 primary divisions of the brain and what major structures are in those division?

Answer 6

Forebrain- Corex, thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal & pituitary gland, basal ganglia, limbic system
Midbrain- visual and auditory
Hindbrain

Question 7

What 3 structures comprise the brainstem?

Answer 7

Medulla, pons, midbrain

Question 8

Limbic system general function?

Answer 8

Memory and emotion

Question 9

Basal Gangila general function?

Answer 9

movement

Question 10

Whats the lobes of the cortex?

Answer 10

Frontal
Occipital
Temporal
Parietal

Question 11

Whats frontal lobe?

Answer 11

planning
working memory
impulse control
motor cortex

Question 12

Whats occipital lobe?

Answer 12

Vision

Question 13

Whats temporal lobe?

Answer 13

Auditory cortex

Question 14

Whats parietal lobe?

Answer 14

somatosensory cortex

spatial organization

Question 15

What is the binding problem?

Answer 15

Binding occurs if you perceive 2 sensations happening at the same time and in the same place.

Question 16

What are ventricles? What is in them?

Answer 16

Communicating network of cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
Lateral, fourth & third ventricles, cerebral aqueduct, central canal.

Question 17

What are the meninges and what is the general function of the meninges?

Answer 17

It covers the brain.

Dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater

Question 18

What is a reflex?

Answer 18

involuntary response to a sensory input

Question 19

What is a stretch reflex?

Answer 19

muscle contraction in response to stretch

Question 20

How are reflexs modified?

Answer 20

Modifiable because they can be enhanced by our behaviour

Question 21

Sympathetic NS: when each one is activated, (2) placement of ganglia, (3) neurotransmitters used

Answer 21

1) fight or flight
2) ganglia near spinal cord
3) acetylcholine and norepinephrine

Question 22

Parasympathetic NS: when each one is activated, (2) placement of ganglia, (3) neurotransmitters used

Answer 22

1) rest and digest
2) near target organ
3) acetylcholine only

Question 23

The Blood Barrier:

Answer 23

Surrounds the blood vessels
Allows oxygen and glucose
Tries to prevent bacteria and viruses

Question 24

Match the glial cells with their function

Answer 24

Schawnn cells- myeilnates axons in PNS
Oligodedrocytes- myeilnates axons in CNS
Astrocytes- contributes to blood bran barrier
Microglia- immune and inflammatory response

Question 25

The medulla, pons, and midbrain constitute the ________.

Answer 25

Brainstem