spinal chord

Question 1

foramen magnum

Answer 1

where the spinal chord leaves and orginates

Question 2

conus medullaris

Answer 2

at L1/L2 IVD where the spinal chord stops and it branches out and down to the sacral and lumbar region

Question 3

dorsal horn

Answer 3

posterior/ afferent/ process sensory

Question 4

ventral horn

Answer 4

contains lower motor neurons/ efferent

medial- axial
lateral- distal
flexor- dorsal
extensor- ventral

Question 5

lateral horn

Answer 5

T1-L2 spinal segments
autonomic information

Question 6

dorsal root

Answer 6

fibres with cell bodies in ganglia

Question 7

ventral root

Answer 7

fibres with cell bodies in spinal grey matter

Question 8

white matter in the spinal chord decrease as

Answer 8

we move down because less nerve impulses at this level

e.g at c2 it is supply the whole body at
l1 only the lower limbs

Question 9

ventral ramus

Answer 9

supply muscle of back and the back skin

Question 10

dorsal ramus

Answer 10

supply trunk muscle and limbs and skin

Question 11

dermatome

Answer 11

afferent

Question 12

myotome

Answer 12

efferent

Question 13

2 classifications of spinal chord injuries

Answer 13

complete- no sensation or motor function bellow damaged level
incomplete- varied level of sensation and motor function preserved

Question 14

quadriplegia/ tetraplegia

Answer 14

damage to cervical chord
arms/ legs= paralysis
c1- T1
c1-c3 respiration and diaphragm
most common c4/ c5

Question 15

paraplegia

Answer 15

damage bellow cervical vert
affects the lower limb
most common t12-L1

Question 16

segmenal nerve legion

Answer 16

altered sensation in dermatome
altered weakness in myotome
lost stretch reflex

Question 17

vertical legion

Answer 17

white matter
loss control of BP BLADDER BOWL

Question 18

BROWN SEQUARED SYNDROME

Answer 18

segmental

ipisilateral loss of motor and sensation

loss voluntary motor and proprioception control

contralateral- nocioreceptor and temp sensation

Question 19

central chord syndrome

Answer 19

cervical level due to trauma
small legio- loss of nocioreceptor and temp sensation

karge impaired upper limb motor

Question 20

anterior chord syndrome

Answer 20

no pain and temp sensation
loss of motor
preserved proprioception

Question 21

spinal chord shock

Answer 21

temporaty loss of all function
usually ast 1 day and persist for a month

Question 22

meniges functions

Answer 22

cover and protect CNS
protect blood vessels
form dural venous sinus
house CSF

Question 23

DURAMATTER

Answer 23

outermost layer- tough fibrous membrain

flax cerbri- seprates cerebrum
flax cerebelli- seperates cerebellum
tentorium cerebei- seperates cerebellum and cerebrum
dural venous sinus- blood channels
dural sac- extension to the spinal chord

Question 24

arachonoid matter

Answer 24

closely apposed lossely atatched to the dura

subarchonoid space filled with csf= cushion

Question 25

pia matter

Answer 25

innermost/ delicate layer follows contours of the brain dense rich blood supply

Question 26

CSF

Answer 26

vesnticles in the brain e.g the lateral ones produced in chorid plexus - clears waste/ provides nutrients cushions reabsored in the venous sinus

Question 27

the 2 arteries that make basiler

Answer 27

internal carotid and the vertebral artery converge medially

Question 28

circle of willis

Answer 28

anterior cerberal artery- unpaired frontal/ parital= primary motor/ primary somato middle cerbreal artery- frontal/ temp/parital/ occipital= hearing language/ motor/ basal ganglia posterior cerebral artery- temp/ occipital - vision and hippocampus

Question 29

anastomosis

Answer 29

occur incase blockage so multiple blood supply to the same tissue

Question 30

stroke

Answer 30

blood supply is disrupted no O2

Question 31

tranisient ischeamic

Answer 31

breif focal lose of brain function

Question 32

complete stroke

Answer 32

symptoms persist longer then 1 day

Question 33

progressive stroke

Answer 33

increase in symptoms over time

Question 34

ischaemic or brain infarction

Answer 34

embolus/ thrombus- obstruct blood flow causes deprvation of O2

Question 35

haemorrahge

Answer 35

burst/ bleed blood leak causes pressure on brain intracranial or subarachonoid

Question 36

subaracanoid haemoraghe

Answer 36

bleed into subarchanoid space progressive

Question 37

ischaemic core

Answer 37

tissue that has died