basal ganglia

Question 1

basal ganglia

Answer 1

collection of deep nuclei- grey matter because deep

• caudate
  -putamen

-globus palidus- internus and externus

-subthalamic nucleus

-substania nigra

Question 2

basal ganglia function

Answer 2

goal directed behaviour loop - non motor
social behaviour loop- non motor
emotional loop- non motor
motor loop

Question 3

basal ganglia movement

Answer 3

regulates desired movements and inhibits undesired movements

e.g voluntary movement, postural muscle, rythmic

regulates muscle tone and force

Question 4

3 pathways for motor loop

Answer 4

hyper direct
direct
indirect

cortico-basal ganglia-thalmic loop

Question 5

accelerator pathway

Answer 5

direct allows movement

Question 6

brake pathway

Answer 6

indirect- inhibits movements

Question 7

direct pathway

Answer 7

cerebellum sends exitory info from motor cortex to
caudate and putamen
substantia nigra (pars compacta)
sends dopamine as well

striatum sends inhibitory neurotransmitters- GABBA

Globus pallidus internus-
this doesn’t then send output and inhibit the thalmus

thalamus excites motor cortex

Question 8

indirect pathway

Answer 8

globus pallidus externus gets GABBA from the striatum

will not inhibit the subthalamus

subthalamus releases glutamine which is excitory

then the globus pallidus internus is excited and will inhibit the thalamus

and so inhibits the motor cortex

Question 9

motor control relies on

Answer 9

dopamine releasing neurons found in substantia nigra

• direct- dopamine- D1- receptors= inhibit
  indirect- dopamine- d2 receptors- excite

Question 10

dopamine

Answer 10

neurotransmitter found in substania nigra

will enhance the direct pathway