Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Part 1 Board Review > Spinal Anatomy > Flashcards

Spinal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What secondary vesicles are derived from the proencephalon?

A

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What secondary vesicle is derived from the mesencephalon?

A

Mesencephalon (duh!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What secondary vesicles are derived from the rhombencephalon?

A

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is derived from the telencephalon?

A

Cortices

Basal ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is derived from the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is derived from the mesencephalon?

A

Midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is derived from the Metencephalon?

A

Pons

Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is derived from the myelencephalon?

A

Medulla Oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What develops from the foregut?

A

back of throat to 1st 1/3rd of duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What develops from the midgut?

A

Last 2/3rd of duodenum to 1st 2/3rd of transverse colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What develops from the hindgut?

A

Last 1/3rd of transverse colon to anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the gubernaculum develop into in males & females?

A

Males: Scrotal lig. AKA gubernacular testis
Females: Suspensory lig. of ovary, ovarian lig. & round lig.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Only special sense to bypass the thalamus?

A

Sense of smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do pacinion receptors sense?

A

Vibration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do Ruffini receptors sense?

A

Temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do Meissners/merkel receptors sense?

A

Touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What functions are the medulla & pons assoc. w/?

A

Vasomotor
Cardiac centers
Autonomics
CN 5-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What functions are the midbrain assoc. w/?

A

Reflexes to light & sound
Prox. flexor relay
Motoric relay
CN 3 & 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What functions is the thalamus assoc. w/?

A

Relay station

Sensory fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What function is the pulvinar region of the thalalmus assoc. w/?

A

Integration of sensory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the ventral posteromedial (VPM) of the thalamus assoc. w/?

A

Sensory from face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the ventral posterolateral (VPL) of the thalamus assoc. w/?

A

Sensory from arms & legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the lat. geniculate of the thalamus assoc w/?

A

Sensory from eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the med. geniculate of the thalamus assoc. w?

A

Sensory from ears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the parietal lobe of the cerebrum assoc. w/?

A

Localization “somesthetic cortex”
Brodman 1,2,3
Abstraction, problem solving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the occipital lobe of the cerebrum assoc. w/?

A

Sight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the temporal lobe of the cerebrum assoc. w/?

A

Sup lobe: Hearing
Middle lobe: Short term memory
Inf. lobe: Long term memory, smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The foramen ovale becomes what and is located where?

A

Fossa ovalis; interatrial septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The ductus arteriosus bypasses ____ & becomes ____?

A

Bypasses lung pulmonary trunk to arch of aorta; becomes ligamentum arteriosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The ductus venosus bypasses ____ & becomes ____?

A

Bypasses the sinusoids of fetal liver; becomes ligamentum venosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The umbilical vein becomes _____?

A

Ligatmentum teres (Round lig.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The umbilical arteries become ____?

A

Medial umbilical ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the Urachus?

A

Remnant of duct of allantois

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Type of cells that gives rise to astrocytes & oligodendrocytes

A

Glioblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Most numerous cell of CNS?

A

Astrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Cells that form myelin in CNS?

A

Oligodendrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Type of cell that lines CNS, ciliated, makes “leaky” barrier b/w CSF & CNS?

A

Ependymal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Microglia are AKA?

A

Gitterzellen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Type of cell that makes neurons?

A

Neuroblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Commissural fibers connect what?

A

B/w 2 hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Association fibers connect what?

A

Different parts, same hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Projection fibers connect what?

A

Different parts, same hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

The lateral ventricles are separated by what?

A

septum pellucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

The foramen of Monroe (aka interventric foramen) connects what ventricles?

A

1&2 to 3rd ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

M/C location for a cerebral vascular accident?

A

Middle cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Makes up 90% of cortex

A

Neocortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Makes up 10% of cortex

A

Allocortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

This vesicle is mostly formed by the thalamus

A

Diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

This produces CSF

A

Choroid Plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

This reabsorbs CSF

A

Arachnoid granulations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What level does the spinal cord terminate?

A

L1 (L1/L2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the resting membrane potential in muscle? neuron?

A

85-90mV; 65-70mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Type of inhibitory neurotransmitter of spine? Brain?

A

Spine = Glycine; Brain = GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

This allows for CSF exchange b/w the 3rd & 4th ventricles

A

Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What are the gray matter neuron cell types?

A 
Purkinje (M/C)
Golgi II
Stellate
Basket
Granular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What are the cerebellar nuclei, from med. to lat., small to large?

A

Fastigial (Flowers)
Globus (Grow)
Emboliform (Every)
Dentate (Day)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

This is located at the junction of the parietal, occipital, & temporal lobe. Involved w/ interpretation/sensory matching.

A

Wernicke’s area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

The striatum is composed of what?

A

Putamen & caudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

The lentiform is composed of what?

A

Globus pallidus and putamen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

This is involved w/ hunger, thirst, temp. regulation, sex, rage, fear?

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

This is involved w/ balance, equilibrium, involuntary coordination, unconscious proprioception?

A

Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Brain waves assoc. w/ quiet, meditation. Disappear in sleep.

A

Alpha waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Brain waves assoc. w/ intense mental activity, REM sleep.

A

Beta waves

65
Q

Brain waves assoc. w/ deep sleep or coma?

A

Delta waves

66
Q

Brain waves that are normal in children, abnormal in adults (stress, suicidal)

A

Theta waves

67
Q

What is the function of the corticospinal tract?

A

Precise & skilled voluntary movement

68
Q

What is the function of the reticulospinal tract?

A

inhibit or facilitate voluntary movement

69
Q

What is the function of the tectospinal tract?

A

Reflex postural movement to visual stimuli

70
Q

What is the function of the rubrospinal tract?

A

facilitates flexors & inhibits extensors

71
Q

What is the function of the vestibulospinal tract?

A

Facilitates extensors & inhibits flexors

72
Q

What is the alar plates (dorsal) assoc. w/, motor or sensory?

A

Sensory

73
Q

What are basal plates (ventral) assoc. w/, motor or sensory?

A

Motor

74
Q

What is the function of the lat. spinothalamic tract?

A

Pain & temp.

75
Q

What are the functions of the ant. spinothalamic tract?

A

“Protopathic” is defensive to pain, temp

Crude light touch

76
Q

What functions are the dorsal columns assoc. w/?

A

2-point discrimination, vibration, & conscious proprioception

77
Q

What is the function of the Pos. spinocerebellar tract?

A

Unconscious proprioception

78
Q

What is the function of the ant. spinocerebellar tract?

A

Unconscious proprioception

79
Q

What function is the spinotectal tract (spino-quadrigeminal system of Mott) assoc. w/?

A

Spino visual reflexes

80
Q

What is the function of the spinoreticular tract?

A

Levels of consciousness

81
Q

The Great Cerebral vein of Galen drains into what sinus?

A

Straight sinus

82
Q

The Superior Cerebral vein drains into what sinus?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

83
Q

Damage to middle meningeal artery causes what type of hemorrhage?

A

Epidural hemorrhage

84
Q

Damage to the venous system of the brain causes what type of hemorrhage?

A

Subdural hemorrhage

85
Q

A beri aneurysm (circle of Willis) causes what type of hemorrhage?

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

86
Q

The Lateral Cord of the brachial plexus makes what branches?

A

Musculocutaneous

Median

87
Q

The Posterior Cord of the brachial plexus makes what branches?

A

Axillary

Radial

88
Q

The Medial Cord of the brachial plexus makes what branches?

A

Median

Ulnar

89
Q

What is the smallest cranial nerve?

A

Trochlear

90
Q

What is the largest cranial nerve?

A

Trigeminal

91
Q

Which cranial nerves have parasympathetic fibers?

A

III, VII, IX, X (90% of body)

92
Q

What foramen does the middle meningeal artery pass through?

A

Foramen spinosum

93
Q

What foramen does the internal carotid artery pass through?

A

Foramen lacerum

94
Q

Injury to the pterion can cause damage to what artery?

A

Middle meningeal artery

95
Q

Info to the cortex travels via which peduncle?

A

Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

96
Q

Info back to the cerebellum from the cortex travels via which peduncle?

A

Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

97
Q

Info from the spinal cord/body travels to the cerebellum via which peduncle?

A

Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

98
Q

The midbrain connects to which peduncle?

A

Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

99
Q

The pons connect to which peduncle?

A

Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

100
Q

The medulla connects to which peduncle?

A

Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

101
Q

The posterior portion of the midbrain that contains the sup. & inf. colliculi is what?

A

Tectum

102
Q

The ant. & pos. chambers of the eye are filled w/ what?

A

Aqueous humor

103
Q

The post. cavity (lens to retina) of the eye is filled w/ what?

A

Vitreous humor

104
Q

What makes aqueous humor in the eye?

A

Ciliary epithelium in ciliary bodies

105
Q

M/C cause of blindness in the elderly?

A

Macular degeneration

106
Q

This helps maintain static equilibrium in the ear

A

Utricle

107
Q

This is the functional part of the utricle. Assoc. w/ linear acceleration (car or elevator)

A

Macula/Saccula

108
Q

This is assoc. w/ detecting angular acceleration (roller coaster) in the ear

A

Semicircular canals

109
Q

This is the dilation of the semicircular canals in the ear. Contains crystals.

A

Crista ampularis

110
Q

What produces muscosa required to smell?

A

Bowman’s gland

111
Q

This type of joint is immovable

A

Synarthrosis

112
Q

3 types of synarthrosis joints

A

Syndesmosis
Synostosis
Gomphosis

113
Q

Interosseous membrane (tib/fib & radio-ulnar) is what type joint?

A

Syndesmosis

114
Q

Sutures of skull are what type of joint?

A

Synostosis

115
Q

Teeth are what type of joint?

A

Gomphosis

116
Q

What is a slightly moveable joint?

A

Amphiarthrosis (Cartilaginous)

117
Q

Epiphyseal plates, hyaline cartilage is what type of joint?

A

Synchondrosis

118
Q

The IVD, pubic symphysis, & fibrocartilage are what types of joints?

A

Symphysis joints

119
Q

2 types of amphiarthrosis joints

A

Synchondrosis

Symphysis

120
Q

This is a freely movable joint

A

Diathrosis (synovial)

121
Q

The cubital/humer-ulnar joint, mortis joint are what type of joint?

A

Hinge/Ginglymus

122
Q

The atlas/axis, prox. radio-ulnar joint are what type of joint?

A

Pivot/Trochoid

123
Q

Radiocarpal, MCP, TMJ, knee (modified) are examples of what type of joint?

A

Ovoid/Condlymus

124
Q

The thumb & sternoclavicular joint are examples of what type of joint?

A

Saddle/sellar

125
Q

Facets, AC joint, inter-carpal & -tarsal joints are examples of what type of joint?

A

Gliding

126
Q

The coxafemoral joint & glenohumeral joint are examples of what type of joint?

A

Ball & socket/spheroidal

127
Q

The perpendicular articulation of the ethmoid & vomer is what type of joint?

A

Schindylesis

128
Q

Pathological fusion is known as?

A

Ankylosis

129
Q

Surgical fusion is known as?

A

Arthrodesis

130
Q

Congenital fusion is known as?

A

Coalition

131
Q

Normal fusion in growth is known as?

A

Synchondrosis

132
Q

This covers a nerve fiber

A

Endoneurium

133
Q

This covers a nerve fascicle

A

Perineurium

134
Q

This covers a peripheral nerve

A

Epineurium

135
Q

How many primary ossification centers are there in the typical vertebrae?

A

3 primary (1 in body, 1 in each arch)

136
Q

How many secondary ossification centers are in a typical vertebrae?

A

5 (1 in tip of SP, 2 in TVPs, 2 in annular ring epiphyses)

Lumbars have 2 extra for mamillary processes

137
Q

Where the manubrium & sternum meet is known as what?

A

Angle of Louis

138
Q

What part of the sacrum is analogous to the spinous process?

A

Median crest

139
Q

The hyoid bone is at what spinal level?

A

C-3

140
Q

The cornu of the thyroid is at what spinal level?

A

C-4

141
Q

The body of the thyroid is at what spinal level?

A

C-5

142
Q

The cricoid cartilage is at what spinal level?

A

C-6

143
Q

The carotid tubercle is at what spinal level?

A

C-6

144
Q

How many atypical vertebra are in adults?

A

9

145
Q

What is the lowest spinal level the vertebral artery is found?

A

C-6

146
Q

The joints of (von) Luska are found b/w what spinal levels?

A

C2-C6

147
Q

Which artery traverse through the suboccipital triangle?

A

Vertebral artery

148
Q

Which nerve traverses through the suboccipital triangle?

A

Suboccipital

149
Q

Name the sup., lat. border of the suboccipital triangle

A

Sup. oblique capitus

150
Q

Name the med. border of the suboccipital triangle

A

Rectus Capitis Posticus Major

151
Q

Name the inf., lat. border of the suboccipital triangle

A

Inf. oblique capitus

152
Q

What part of the cerebellum is assoc. w/ ant., general muscle tone?

A

Paleocerebellar

153
Q

What part of the cerebellum is assoc. w/ coordination of skilled movements?

A

Neocerebellar

154
Q

What part of the cerebellum is assoc. w/ equilibrium?

A

Archicerebellar (Flocculonodular)

155
Q

What branches come from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Musculocutaneous

Median (1/2)

156
Q

What branches come from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Axillary

Radial

157
Q

What branches come from the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Median (1/2)

Ulnar

158
Q

What artery supplies blood to the anterior 2/3rd of the spinal cord?

A

Ant. spinal artery

159
Q

What artery supplies blood to the pos. 1/3rd of the spinal cord?

A

Pos. spinal artery

Part 1 Board Review (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions