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Part 1 Board Review > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

M/C cause of CHF

A

Essential hypertension

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2
Q

2nd M/C cause of CHF

A

aortic stenosis

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3
Q

M/C cause of R-sided heart failure

A

L-sided heart failure

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4
Q

Lung condition assoc. w/ R-sided heart failure

A

Cor Pulmonale

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5
Q

Condition seen in early stages of CHF

A

Exertional dyspnea

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6
Q

Condition seen in later stages of CHF

A

Pitting edema of legs

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7
Q

M/C cause of liver failure

A

Alcoholism

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8
Q

1st heart sound

A

AV valves closing during isometric contraction

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9
Q

2nd heart sound

A

semilunar valves closing

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10
Q

3rd heart sound

A

Ventricular filling. Normal in children. Abnormal in adults

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11
Q

4th heart sound

A

Ventricular filling, heard in diastole. Normal in athletes, abnormal in others

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12
Q

Name the 4 different types of murmurs

A 
ARMS & PRTS
Aortic Regurgitation
Mitral Stenosis
Pulmonic Regurgitation 
Tricuspid Stenosis
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13
Q

What is the largest layer of a artery?

A

Tunica Muscularis

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14
Q

Blood vessels that irrigate other blood vessels?

A

vaso varum

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15
Q

Greatest resistance to pressure is in what type of blood vessels?

A

Arterioles

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16
Q

Greatest cross-sectional area is in what type of blood vessels?

A

Capillaries

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17
Q

Coronary arteries dilate/constrict due to what?

A

Metabolic demand

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18
Q

What is normal blood pH?

A

7.35-7.45

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19
Q

What is the tetrology of Fallot?

A 
(DRIP)
Dextroposition (dextrorotation) of Aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Interventricular septal defect
Pulmonary stenosis
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20
Q

What law states that ant. spinal roots are motor & pos. spinal roots are sensory?

A

Bell Magende

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21
Q

This law states that at constant temp., gas volume is inverse to pressure

A

Boyle’s Law

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22
Q

This law states that at constant pressure, gas volume is proportional to absolute temp.

A

Charles’ Law

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23
Q

This is the minimum interval of time necessary to electrically stimulate a muscle or nerve fiber using twice the minimum current to elicit threshold response

A

Chronaxie

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24
Q

This law(?) will give the membrane potential on the inside of a membrane when 2 univalent positive ions, Na+ & K+ & 1 univalent negative ion, Cl- are involved

25
Q

This law states that gas solubility in a liquid is proportional to gas pressure

26
Q

This law limits respiratory excursion via the Vagus nerve

A

Hering Breuer

27
Q

This law states that the tension in an artery will be proportional to the radius of the vessel

A

LaPlace’s Law for arteries

28
Q

This law states that ventricular pressure depends on muscular tension, size, & shape of the heart

A

LaPlace’s Law for the heart

29
Q

This law states the potential level across a membrane exactly opposes net diffusion of particles through the membrane

A

Nernst Law(? don’t know if it’s a “law”)

30
Q

What is the minimum electrical current of infinite duration to elicit a threshold response called?

31
Q

This law states that cardiac output is equal to venous return

A

Starling’s law

32
Q

This is when hemoglobin becomes more acidic binding w/ oxygen. Causes CO2 & H+ protons to be expelled into the aveoli. Part of the Bohr Effect

A

Haldane Effect

33
Q

This lung volume is considered normal breathing (500ml). Fires Herring-Breuer reflex

A

Tidal Volume

34
Q

This lung volume is forced inspiration (3000ml). Shuts off Herring-Breuer reflex

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

35
Q

This lung volume is forced expiration (1100ml)

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume

36
Q

This lung volume keeps the lungs from collapsing (1200ml)

A

Residual volume

37
Q

This is a combination of IRV + TV (3500ml)

A

Inspiratory Capacity

38
Q

This is a combination of ERV + RV (2300ml)

A

Functional Residual Capacity

39
Q

This is a combination of IRV + TV + ERV or IC + ERV (4600ml)

A

Vital capacity

40
Q

This is a combination of IRV + TV + ERV + RV (5800ml)

A

Total lung volume

41
Q

What is air in the pulmonary tree not involved w/ gas exchange called?

A

dead space

42
Q

Respiration is controlled by what nucleus?

A

Dorsal motor nucleus of Vagus

43
Q

Muscle lengthens while it contracts

44
Q

Muscle shortens while it contracts

A

Concentric

45
Q

Muscle contracts w/o joint movement on muscle lengthening

46
Q

Muscle contracts w/ joint movement & constant weight

47
Q

Muscle contracts w/ joint movement & constant weight/speed

A

Isokinetic

48
Q

AKA goblet cells in the lungs. Produce mucus, serves as a defense mechanism in case of noxious air

49
Q

What is the apex of lung/cervical pleura called?

50
Q

This creates the potential space for breathing. It’s inf. to the root of the lung.

A

Pulmonary lig.

51
Q

Fluid in the lungs collects where?

A

Costodiaphragmatic recess

52
Q

What is the best test for Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?

53
Q

How many renal pyramids are in one kidney?

54
Q

How is the neurohypophysis connected to the hypothalamus?

A

Infundibulum (neural stalk)

55
Q

What makes inhibin in females? Males?

A

Corpus leuteum; Sertoli cells

56
Q

What is “growth hormone” for cartilage called?

A

Somatomedin (made in liver)

57
Q

Which is more powerful, faster acting, & less abundant, T3 or T4?

58
Q

Where is calcitonin made?

A

Parafollicular cells of thyroid

Part 1 Board Review (7 decks)

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