Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Part 1 Board Review > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What type of bonds are in maltose?

A

alpha 1-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of bonds are in lactose?

A

beta 1-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of bonds are in sucrose?

A

alpha-beta 1-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of bonds are in cellulose?

A

beta 1-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of bonds are in amylose?

A

alpha 1-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of bonds are in amylopectin?

A

alpha 1-4, alpha 1-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of bonds are in glycogen?

A

alpha 1-4 & alpha 1-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which has longer branches, amylopectin or glycogen?

A

Amylopectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which is more branched, amylopectin or glycogen?

A

Glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Type of bond b/w glycerol & fatty acids?

A

Ester bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Types of essential fatty acids?

A

Arachidonic 20:4
Linolenic (Omega-3) 18:3
Linoleic (Omega-6) 18:2
EPA 20:5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What molecules are precursors for cholesterol synthesis?

A

Mevalonate
Acetyl CoA
Squalene
HMG CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are chylomicrons synthesized?

A

Intestinal mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which lipoproteins have the highest % of triglycerides?

A

Chylomicrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which lipoproteins have the lowest % of protein?

A

VLDLs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which lipoproteins have the highest % of cholesterol?

A

LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does beta oxidation of fatty acids occur?

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What transports fatty acids into mitochondria for beta oxidation?

A

carnitine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are examples of ketone bodies?

A

Acetoacetate
Acetone
Hydroxybutyrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the primary substrate for lipogenesis?

A

Acetyl CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where does lipogenesis occur?

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the “most important” intermediate of lipogenesis?

A

Malonyl CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which AA’s have an aromatic ring?

A

Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Tyrosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which AA’s are basic?

A

Histidine
Arginine
Lysine
“HAL”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which AA’s are neutral?

A 
Serine
Threonine
Asparagine
Glutamine
"STAG"
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which AA’s contain sulfur?

A

Methionine

Cysteine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which AA’s are not glucogenic?

A

Leucine

Lysine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which AA’s are branched?

A

Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which AA’s are acidic?

A

Glutamate

Aspartate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which AA is a precursor to serotonin?

A

Tryptophan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which AA is a precursor to GABA?

A

Glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which AA is a precursor to Histamine?

A

Histidine

33
Q

Which AA is a precursor to Creatine?

A

Glycine/arginine

34
Q

Which AA is a precursor to NAD?

A

Tryptophan

35
Q

Which AA’s are lacking in grains?

A

Lysine
Threonin
Tryptophan

36
Q

Which AA carries ammonia to the urea cycle?

A

Glutamate

37
Q

Which 3 AA’s donate nitrogen for purines & pyrimidines?

A

Glutamine
Aspartate
Asparagine

38
Q

Which 6 AA’s is muscle able to oxidize?

A 
Glutamate
Aspartate
Leucine
Valine
Isoleucine
Asparagine
GAL VIA
39
Q

Which AA takes ammonia & lactate from muscles during exercise to the liver?

A

Alanine

40
Q

What bond combines AA’s to make proteins?

A

Peptide

41
Q

What vitamin makes TPP?

A

Thiamine (B1)

42
Q

What vitamin makes FAD, FADH?

A

Riboflavin (B2)

43
Q

What vitamin makes NAD, NADH?

A

Niacin (B3)

44
Q

What vitamin makes CoA?

A

Pantothenic Acid (B5)

45
Q

What vitamin makes pyridoxal phosphate?

A

Pyridoxine (B6)

46
Q

Which B vitamin is Folic Acid?

A

B9

47
Q

Which B vitamin is cyanocobalamin?

A

B12

48
Q

What macromineral is a component of bones, co-factor for kinase, needed for glucose breakdown?

A

Magnesium

49
Q

What micromineral is a constituent of vit B12?

A

Cobalt

50
Q

Which micromineral is a part of Cytochrome A oxidase (ETC)?

A

Copper

51
Q

Which micromineral is a cofactor for decarboxylase?

A

Manganese

52
Q

Which micromineral is a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase?

A

Selenium

53
Q

Which micromineral is a cofactor for carbonic anhydrase?

A

Zinc

54
Q

Where does DNA replication occur?

A

Nucleus

55
Q

Where does transcription occur?

A

Nucleolus

56
Q

Where does the Kreb’s cycle occur?

A

Mitochondria

57
Q

What are the products for only ONE turn of the Kreb’s cycle?

A

2 CO2
3 NADH
1 FADH2
1 GTP/ATP

58
Q

What is the electron acceptor in the ETC?

A

Oxygen (forms water)

59
Q

What is the total ATP production from oxidative phosphorylation?

A

36 (or 38)
Kreb’s = 30 ATP
Glycerol-3-phosphate shunt = 4 ATP
Glycolysis = 2 ATP

60
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytosol

61
Q

Where does gluconeogenesis occur?

A

Cytoplasm & mitochondria of liver

62
Q

Where does glycogenesis occur?

A

Cytoplasm of liver & muscle

63
Q

Where does glycogenolysis occur?

A

Cytoplasm of liver & muscle

64
Q

Where does lipogenesis, lipolysis, & cholesterol synthesis occur?

A

Liver

65
Q

Where does the pentose phosphate pathway occur?

A

Cytosol

66
Q

This is when the charge of an AA or protein is zero

A

Isoelectric point

67
Q

Legumes are missing what AA?

A

Methionine

68
Q

Sugars that differ in configuration at a single asymmetric center

A

Epimers

69
Q

Molecules that are mirror images

A

Enantiomers

70
Q

Atoms bonded in the same order but differ in precise orientation

A

Stereoisomers

71
Q

An enzyme + cofactor is called what?

A

Holoenzyme

72
Q

An enzyme w/o a cofactor is called what?

A

Apoenzyme

73
Q

These regulate the rate of enzyme synthesis

A

Steroids

74
Q

This is a protein that becomes an active enzyme when parts are removed

A

Zymogen

75
Q

An area on the enzyme where a compound may bind & change the rate of activity

A

Allosteric site

76
Q

What AA is the precursor to epinephrine?

A

Tyrosine

77
Q

What is a peptide hormone that is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas (tail)?

A

Insulin

78
Q

What is a peptide hormone that is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas, but has the opposite effect of insulin?

A

Glucagon

Part 1 Board Review (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions