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Part 1 Boards > Spinal Anatomy > Flashcards

Spinal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The vertebral column develops into the _______

A

Sclerotome

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2
Q

As part of the Notochord, remnant IVD continues as __________

A

Nucleus Pulposis

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3
Q

The Neural Plate develops into:

A

MOANER
-Macroglial cells: Oligodendrocytes/Astrocytes (MOA)
-Neurons CNS (N)
-Ependymal Cells (E)
-Retinal Cells (R)
*Neural Crest is everything else

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4
Q

The Neural Plate contains all the ______ cells

A

Brain

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5
Q

Dermatome:C1

A

NONE

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6
Q

Dermatome: C2

A

Back of Scalp

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7
Q

Dermatome: C3

A

Back of the Neck

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8
Q

Dermatome: C4

A

Shoulders

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9
Q

Dermatomes of Arms*

A

-C5: Lateral Arm
-C6: Lateral Digits/Forearm
-C7:Middle Digit/Forearm
-C8: Medial Digits/Forearm
-T1: Elbow

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10
Q

Dermatome: T2

A

Axilla

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11
Q

Dermatomes: Nipple Line (Above/Below)

A

-T3: Above Nipple Line
-T4: Nipple Line
-T5: Below Nipple Line

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12
Q

Dermatomes: Xyphoid (Above/Below)

A

-T6: Above Xyphoid
-T7: Xyphoid
-T8: Below Xyphoid

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13
Q

Dermatomes: Umbilicus (Above/Below)

A

-T9: Above Umbilicus
-T10: Umbilicus
-T11: Below Umbilicus

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14
Q

Dermatomes: Inguinal Ligament (Above)

A

T12: Above Inguinal Ligament
L1: Inguinal Ligament/Upper Thigh

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15
Q

Dermatome: L2

A

Mid Thigh

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16
Q

Dermatomes: Knee

A

L3: Lower Thigh/Knee
L4: Medial Knee (“Medial to the Floor”)
L5: Lateral Knee/Top of Foot

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17
Q

S1: Dermatome

A

Bottom of Foot/Lateral Surface of Foot & Posterior Calf

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18
Q

S2: Dermatome

A

Posterior Thigh

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19
Q

Dermatomes: Anus

A

S3: Close to Circumference
S4: Circumference
S5…Don’t do it

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20
Q

“Blast” means

A

Make or create

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21
Q

“Clast” means

A

Absorb or Take away

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22
Q

Most numerous cells of the CNS

A

Astrocytes

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23
Q

2nd MC cells in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

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24
Q

Most common location of Stroke (CVA)

A

Middle cerebral artery

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25
Q

Meninges of the Brain

A

“PAD”
-Pia
-Arachnoid
-Dura mater

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26
Q

What makes CSF?

A

Choroid Plexus

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27
Q

What absorbs CSF?

A

Arachnoid Granulations

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28
Q

Cerebellum is associated with

A

Coordination

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29
Q

What are the MC cells in the Cerebellum

A

Purkinje

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30
Q

Posterior Horn is associated with ______

A

Sensory

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31
Q

Anterior Horn is associated with _____

A

Motor

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32
Q

Lateral Horn is associated with ________

A

Sympathetics->Thoracics

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33
Q

The boundaries of a UMN Lesion are:

A

Brain to Anterior Horn Cell

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34
Q

The boundaries of a LMN Lesion are:

A

Anterior Horn Cell to Periphery

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35
Q

Sensory Tracts are located at

A

Dorsal Part of Alar Plate

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36
Q

Motor Tracts are located at:

A

Ventral Part of Basal Plate

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37
Q

Superior Colliculus

A

Eye

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38
Q

Inferior Colliculus

A

Ear

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39
Q

Substance P is associated with:

A

Pain! (Also Tract of Lissaur)

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40
Q

Syringomyelia is associated with

A

Loss of Pain/Temp BL

41
Q

Vibration is also known as

A

Pallesthesia

42
Q

2 point discrimination is best located at:

A

Fingers & Face

43
Q

Romberg’s Test is used for:

A

Unconscious proprioception

44
Q

The function of the Dorsal Column is:

A

2-point discriminative touch, vibration and conscious proprioception

45
Q

Fasciculus cuneatus affects regions ______/Faciculus gracilis affects regions ______

A

Cuneatus: Above T6
Gracilis: Below T6

46
Q

Function of the Lateral Spinothalamic Tract

A

Pain & Temperature

47
Q

UMNL ________ function, where as LMNL _______ function

A

Increase (Hypertonicity/spasticity), Decrease (flacidity/atrophy)

48
Q

_________ axons are mostly myelinated

A

PNS

49
Q

___________ cells make myelin in the PNS

A

Schwann

50
Q

Phrenic Nerve innervations include:

A

C3,4,5 (“C3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive”)

51
Q

The Lateral Femoral Cutaneous nerve is mostly _______ in nature

A

Sensory

52
Q

Borders of the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve include:

A

-Superior: Inguinal Ligament
-Underneath: Psoas Muscle
-Lateral Borders: ASIS
-No defined inferior border

53
Q

The Lateral Femoral Cutaneous innervates:

A

L2-3

(“23 and too young for me”)

54
Q

Vestibular ganglion of Scarpa is associated with which cranial Nerve

A

CN VII

55
Q

What cranial nerves open and close the eyelids

A

-CN III (Opens eyelid)/CN VII (Closes eyelid)

56
Q

Which CN controls the majority of sensation to the face?

A

CN V

57
Q

What cranial nerve is concerned with pain in the eye? What is this called?

A

Trigeminal neuralgia (CN V)

58
Q

Dysfunction at CN ____ can affect the uvula, which points _____ the side of lesion

A

X; Away

59
Q

Dysfunction at CN ____ can affect the tongue, which will move ____ the site of lesion

A

XII: Toward

60
Q

CN VII affects which area of the tongue

A

Anterior 2/3rds

61
Q

The sympathetics affect which area of the body primarily?

A

Thoracics (T1-L1/2)

62
Q

Sympathetic axons have a ______pre/_____post

A

Short (Ach); Long (Ne/Epi)

63
Q

Parasympathetics affect which regions of the body:

A

CN 3,7, 9, 10; S2-4 (Top and Bottom)

64
Q

Parasympathetic axons have a ______ pre/_______post

A

Long (Ach)/Short(Ach)

65
Q

Which two neurotransmitters are very important to the enteric nervous system

A

Serotonin (95% in bowels)/Dopamine (30%)

66
Q

Groups of neuron cell bodies

A

Ganglia

67
Q

CN III controls all the ____ muscles, except:

A

Eye; Superior oblique & Lateral rectus

“LR6SO43”

68
Q

Which nuclei/ganglion is concerned with CN III

A

Edinger Westphal

69
Q

Where does CN IX exit? Which structures does this include?

A

Jugular foramen; Temporal/Occipital

70
Q

CN IX affects the _______ of the tongue

A

Posterior 1/3

71
Q

Cricoid cartilage is the entrance to the ____ and innervates which segment?

A

Trachea; C6

72
Q

Where is facet tropism (asymmetry) more likely to occur?

A

L4/5; Due to the increased load at these segments, more sagittal orientation and load put on these segments

73
Q

Most facets are _______, with the exception of _______

A

Coronal; Lumbar (more sagittal)

74
Q

Where do most disc lesions occur?

A

L5

75
Q

The sternum is also known as _______

A

Gladiolus

76
Q

There are ____ “Atypical” vertebra in adults

A

9

77
Q

Joints of Luska affects which segments

A

C2-C6

78
Q

____ is the lowest level vertebral artery

A

C6

79
Q

Brachial Arch 1 is located at CN ___

A

V

80
Q

BA-2 is located at CN ___

A

VII

81
Q

BA-3 affects CN ___

A

IX

82
Q

Superior gluteal nerve innervates which muscles?

A

Gluteus medius/minimus

83
Q

The inferior gluteal nerve innervates which muscle?

A

gluteus maximus

84
Q

L5 enlarged-fused TP is called:

A

Sacralization

85
Q

Which ligament limits lateral flexion in the cervical spine?

A

Alar ligament

86
Q

_______ geniculate body is concerned with sight

A

Lateral

87
Q

The medial geniculate body is concerned with:

A

Sound/music

88
Q

Which structure is concerned with the perception of smell

A

Uncus

89
Q

CN X affects brachial arch

A

4th-6th

90
Q

Which area is the sigmoid colon contained in?

A

Hindgut

91
Q

What mechanoreceptor is responsible for peristalisis in the intestine?

A

Meissner’s corpuscle

92
Q

Free naked nerve endings are concerned with:

A

Nocioception

93
Q

Relay station of the brain

A

Thalamus

94
Q

The pituitary gland is located at the _______ bone

A

Sphenoid

95
Q

Which artery connects the 2 anterior cerebral arteries at the circle of willis?

A

Anterior communicating artery

96
Q

Cerebellar Peduncles come below the foramen magnum is:

A

Arnold Chiari Syndrome Type I; Type II also goes through a meningomyelocele

97
Q

Which muscle of the eye is the first to refract light?

A

Cornea

98
Q

Part of the eye with the most acute vision

A

Fovea centralis

Part 1 Boards (6 decks)

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