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Part 1 Boards > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

This is responsible for bone resorption?

A

Osteoclasts

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2
Q

What type of epithelium is located at the oropharynx?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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3
Q

What muscle is unique to the interior walls of the atria?

A

Pectinate mm

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4
Q

Which joint contains an articular disc?

A

Temporomadibular

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5
Q

Intermediate sacral crest origin to the spine?

A

Articular process

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6
Q

This vein is concerned w/ thoracic duct drainage?

A

Left Subclavian vein

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7
Q

The pancreatic duct empties into:

A

Duodenum

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8
Q

Lesser Tuberosity: Insertion

A

Subscapularis

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9
Q

Which muscle is concerned with protraction of the scapula?

A

Serratus anterior

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10
Q

The Notchord persists as

A

Nucleus Pulposis

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11
Q

Which plane of motion is Abduction concerned with?

A

Coronal

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12
Q

What type of epithelium is located at the trachea?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

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13
Q

_________ passes through the diaphragm at T10

A

Esophagus

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14
Q

Innervation of the finger extensors

A

Posterior interosseous (Radial N)

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15
Q

Attachment of the cuboid

A

Tibialis posterior

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16
Q

Attachment of the LH of Biceps Brachii

A

Supraglenoid tubercle

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17
Q

Muscle at the lateral border of femoral triangle

A

Sartorius

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18
Q

Mm of the pelvic diaphragm

A

Levator Ani

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19
Q

Hinge joint for elbow flexion involves which structures:

A

UIna/Humerus

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20
Q

What type of joint is located between: Dens and Anterior Atlas

A

Pivot

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21
Q

What ligament attaches to the dens & limits rotation

A

Alar Ligament

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22
Q

Which muscle innervates the superior gluteal nerve

A

Gluteus medius

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23
Q

Ligament involved in hip extension

A

Iliofemoral Ligament

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24
Q

Innervation of the Piriformis: Segments

A

S1-S2

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25
Q

What nerve innervates Biceps Brachii?

A

Musculocutaneus

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26
Q

Brachial Artery Branches

A

Ulnar and Radial

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27
Q

Fibular head ligament

A

Fibular collateral

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28
Q

Innervation of adductor longus

A

Obturator N.

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29
Q

The frontal/coronal sutures create which suture

A

Coronal

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30
Q

Nerve responsible for the wrist extensors (minus Brachioradialis)

A

Radial N.

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31
Q

The bulbourethral gland is ______ to the prostate

A

Inferior

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32
Q

Psoas insertion into femur

A

Lesser trochanter

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33
Q

The metastasis of prostate cancer occurs at the ________

A

Spine

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34
Q

Finger-like projections

A

Fimbriae

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35
Q

The lacuna is concerned with _______ formation

A

Osteocyte

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36
Q

Where is the Coronoid located?

A

Ulna

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37
Q

What is the most commonly fractured hand bone?

A

Scaphoid

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38
Q

Where is the conoid located?

A

Clavicle

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39
Q

Where is the Coracoid located?

A

Humerus

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40
Q

_______ articulates with the radial head

A

Capitulum

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41
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon articulates with which hand bone?

A

Pisiform

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42
Q

The axial skeleton has a total of _____ bones

A

80

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43
Q

The axial skeleton includes:

A

Skull, spine, ossicles of middle ear, hyoid, ribs & sternum

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44
Q

The appendicular skeleton has a total of ____ bones

A

126

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45
Q

The appendicular skeleton includes which structures:

A

Clavicles, scapula, arm & forearm, hands, pelvis, thigh & leg, feet & ankles

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46
Q

Major inorganic component of bone

A

Hydroxyapatite

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47
Q

In endochondral ossification, cartilage is replaced by ______

A

Bone

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48
Q

What ankle ligament is the most injured?

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

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49
Q

Strongest ligament of the ankle/foot

A

Deltoid ligament

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50
Q

Gomphoses refers to which structure

A

Teeth

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51
Q

Alternate name for Ball & Socket Joint

A

Spheroid

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52
Q

Alternate name for saddle joint

A

Sella

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53
Q

Alternate name for pivot joint

A

Trochoid

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54
Q

Functional classes of joints

A

-Synarthrosis: Immovable, no movement
-Amphiarthrosis: Slightly moveable
-Diarthrosis: Synovial joints; Freely movable

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55
Q

Structural classes of joints

A

-Fibrous
-Cartilaginous
-Ligamentous & Synovial joints

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56
Q

Motions of Thumb & Nerve Supply

A

“RUM”
-Radial: Extension
-Ulnar: Adduction
-Median: Flexion/Opposition

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57
Q

The superficial peroneal nerve supples which muscles

A

Peroneus longus and brevis

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58
Q

The deep peroneal nerve supplies which muscles

A

Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus

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59
Q

The inferior gluteal nerve supplies which muscles

A

Gluteus Maximus

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60
Q

________ & _______ cross two joints forming the “Tailor’s muscle”

A

Rectus femoris; Sartorius

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61
Q

Smooth muscle is ________ shaped

A

Spindle

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62
Q

Shortest muscle in the body

A

Stapedius

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63
Q

Longest muscle in the body

A

Sartorius

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64
Q

The pelvic muscles are innervated by which nerve?

A

Pudendal N.

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65
Q

The brachioradialis is innervated by which nerve?

A

Radial

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66
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

“SITS”
-Supraspinatus
-Infraspinatus
-Teres minor
-Subscapularis

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67
Q

Which bones make up the acetabulum?

A

Illium, ischium, pubis

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68
Q

The linea aspera is located ________; _______ to gluteal tuberosity

A

Posterior; Inferior

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69
Q

The adductor tubercle is located _______

A

Medially

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70
Q

How many tarsals are in the feet?

A

7

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71
Q

The pulmonary vein is ________

A

Oxygenated

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72
Q

The lateral lip of the linea aspera is a continuation of the _________

A

Gluteal tuberosity

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73
Q

Medial lip of the linea aspera is a continuation of the ________

A

Introtrochanteric line

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74
Q

The adductor tubercle is an attachment of the ______

A

Adductor magnus

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75
Q

The pectinate muscles are located in the _______

A

Right atrium

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76
Q

The A-V valves are made of ________

A

Endocardium (prevents backflow)

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77
Q

The right ventricle contribute most of the ______

A

Anterior surface of the heart

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78
Q

Branches of the External Carotid

A

“Save A Lady Falling Out (of a) Plane Super Man!”
-Superior thyroid
-Ascending pharyngeal
-Lingual
-Facial
-Occipital
-Posterior Auricular

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79
Q

The ectoderm contains:

A

Nerves & Skin

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80
Q

The endoderm is contains:

A

Air (Respiratory) & Gut

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81
Q

The mesoderm contains:

A

Everything else

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82
Q

The Superior Mediastinum is located between the:

A

First rib, sternal angle and T4-T5 Disc

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83
Q

60-70% of saliva is located at:

A

Submandibular gland
(Other 20-30% @ parotid gland)

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84
Q

Parietal Cells secrete:

A

HCL & intrinsic factor

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85
Q

Chief cells secrete:

A

Pepsinogen

86
Q

Epithelial cells make:

A

CCK (Cholecystokinin)

87
Q

The Rugae of the stomach is analygous with the _______ of the small intestine

A

Brush border

88
Q

Expansion of the rectum & anus

A

Columns of Margagni

89
Q

What organ filters & detoxifies blood

A

Liver

90
Q

Which organs are retroperitoneal?

A

“D Cups Dakri”
-Duodenum
-Ascending Colon
-Ureters
-Pancreas
-Suprarenals
-Descending Colon
-Aorta
-Kidneys
-Rectum
-Inferior Vena Cava

91
Q

Sphincter for food passage; Smooth/Skeletal Muscle

A

Esophagus

92
Q

The right bronchi is ______, _______ and _______

A

Shorter, wider and vertical

93
Q

The lobes of R lung are separated by _____ fissures

A

Oblique & horizontal

94
Q

Lobes of the L lung are separated by _____ fissure`

A

Oblique

95
Q

Stratified is important for:

A

Protection

96
Q

Largest organ in the body:

A

Skin

97
Q

Skin is special in that it is:

A

Keratinized

98
Q

Location of simple squamous

A

Alveoli and capillaries

99
Q

Locations of Stratified squamous epithelium

A

Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, anal canal, vagina & skin

100
Q

Cuboidal epithelium

A

Salivary glands, kidney tubules, pancreatic ducts

101
Q

Epithelium associated with the GI tract

A

Simple columnar

102
Q

Epithelium associated with distention

A

Transitional

103
Q

The urinary system begins with the _______

A

Kidneys

104
Q

The right kidney is _______ than the left kidney

A

Lower

105
Q

The kidneys are surrounded by:

A

A peritoneal fat border

106
Q

The renal pyramids are located in the:

A

Medulla

107
Q

Which hormone controls spermatogenesis?

A

Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH)

108
Q

Predominate hormone in pregnancy

A

Progesterone

109
Q

What is secreted in the corpus luteum?

A

-Estrogen (1st half of cycle)
-Progesterone (2nd half of cycle)

110
Q

Which ligament is medial to the uterus

A

Ovarian ligament

111
Q

Which ligament is lateral to the pelvic wall

A

Suspensory ligament

112
Q

Which female ligament is strongest?

A

Broad ligament

113
Q

Which hormone is secreted during ovulation?

A

Lutenizing hormone

114
Q

Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum

A

HCG

115
Q

Which hormone is most detected in home pregnancy tests?

A

HCG

116
Q

A deficiency in Vitamin B1 leads to what disorder?

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff (excessive alcohol)

117
Q

The Palatoglossus is innervated by which cranial nerve?

A

CN10

118
Q

Which artery runs transverse across liver?

A

Hepatic Artery

119
Q

Dense regular tissue surrounds the ________

A

Ligaments/Tendons

120
Q

Dense Irregular tissue is located in the ______

A

Skin

121
Q

Circular mm in the digestive system is located in the _______

A

Stomach

122
Q

Ligament that attaches the liver to the diaphragm

A

Coronary

123
Q

Pouch-like form of coli

A

Haustra

124
Q

Papillary mm is located at

A

Chordae tendinae

125
Q

Attachment for LH of Biceps

A

Supraglenoid tubercle

126
Q

Muscle of lateral border of femoral triangle

A

Sartorius

127
Q

If the femoral triangle is impinged, it will affect which movement?

A

Leg extension

128
Q

What is the most common space for bacterial pneumonia?

A

R Middle Lobe

129
Q

Inferior boundary on superior lobe of the lung

A

Lingula

130
Q

The kidneys are located in the ________ layer of the ________

A

Intermediate layer; Mesoderm

131
Q

Match these germinal layers/subgroups with their derivatives: Mesoderm (Intermediate), Mesoderm (Lateral Plate), Ectoderm (Surface Ectoderm), Neuroectoderm (Neural Tube), Neuroectoderm (Neural Crest)

  1. Kidneys
  2. Adrenal Cortex & Spleen
  3. Posterior Pituitary, Retina of Eye
  4. DRG, ANS, Parafollicular Cells of Thyroid, Adrenal Medulla
  5. Anterior Pituitary, Lens of Eye
A
  1. Mesoderm (Intermediate)
  2. Mesoderm (Lateral Plate)
  3. Neuroectoderm (Neural Tube)
  4. Neuroectoderm (Neural Crest)
  5. Ectoderm (Surface Ectoderm)
132
Q

Pain down to elbow is called:

A

Sclerotogenous Pain

133
Q

Ossification of the Clavicle & all flat bones of the skull is called ___________ Ossification

A

Intramembranous/Intermedullary Ossification

134
Q

Ossification of the majority of bones is called ________ ossification

A

Endochondral

135
Q

The ______ is both Intramembranous and Endochondral

A

Scapula

136
Q

Oral cavity to 1st 1/3 of duodenum

A

Foregut

137
Q

Remaining 2/3 of duodenum to the 1st 2/3 of transverse colon

A

Midgut

138
Q

Last 1/3 transverse colon to anus

A

Hindgut

139
Q

The gubernaculum becomes ______ in males and ______ in females

A

Males: Scrotal ligament/Gubernacular testis
Females: Suspensory ligament of ovary, ovarian ligament and round ligament

140
Q

__________ gives rise to the thyroid

A

Foramen cecum

141
Q

Resting stage of mitosis (Ie. Protein synthesis)

A

Interphase

142
Q

Stage of mitosis where the nuclear membrane disappears

A

Prophase

143
Q

Stage of mitosis where chromosomes align at the equator

A

Metaphase

144
Q

Stage of mitosis where chromosomes moves toward poles (away)

A

Anaphase

145
Q

Separation of chomosomes

A

Telophase

146
Q

Formation of daughter cells

A

Mitosis

147
Q

Formation of Haploids

A

Meiosis

148
Q

The choroid plexus secretes:

A

CSF

149
Q

What type of epithelium is located at the urinary bladder, ureters, and kidneys

A

Transitional

150
Q

Bronchioles are ________ epithelium

A

Simple cuboidal

151
Q

Match these macrophage cells with their location: Dust cells, Kupffer, Microglia, Langerhan

  1. Brain
  2. Skin
  3. Liver
  4. Lung
A
  1. Microglia
  2. Langerhan
  3. Kupffer
  4. Dust Cells
152
Q

Osteoclast =

A

Bone

153
Q

Scar, myofibrils, organic part of bone (most abundant)

A

Type I Collagen

154
Q

Articular/Hyaline Cartilage

A

Type II Collagen

155
Q

Basement membrane is what type of collagen?

A

Type IV

156
Q

List the layers of the epidermis (from superficial to deep)

A

“Cows Like Green Soft Grass”
Stiatum corneum->Stratium lucidum->Stratium granulosum->Stratium spinosum->Stratium germinativum

157
Q

Melanin is located in the ______ layer of the epidermis

A

Basement (striatum germinativum)

158
Q

All the extrinsic muscles of the tongue are innervated by CN _____, except _______ (CN____)

A

XII; Palatoglossus: X

159
Q

Which area of the tongue is involved with texture, not taste

A

Filiform

160
Q

What area of the tongue is more sensitive to taste

A

Foliate

161
Q

Rings of Waldeyer

A

Palatine, lingual, pharyngeal & tubal

162
Q

Rings of Waldeyer

A

Palatine, lingual, pharyngeal & tubal

163
Q

Muscles of mastication are innervated by what CN?

A

Trigeminal N (V3-Mandibular)

164
Q

What is responsible for voice production?

A

Glottis (vocal folds/cords)

165
Q

Match the structure of the diaphragm with it’s location: IVC, Esophagus, Aorta

  1. T8
  2. T12
  3. T10
A
  1. IVC
  2. Aorta
  3. Esophagus

“I-8-10-Eggs-At-12”

166
Q

Connects organs to posterior abdominal wall (deemed a new organ)

A

Mesentery

167
Q

The portal vein is made from the: _________ & ________ vein

A

Superior & inferior mesenteric

168
Q

The Left Lung has ___ lobes & the right lung has ___ lobes

A

2;3

169
Q

Where the esophagus meets greater curvature of the stomach

A

Cardiac notch

170
Q

The pulmonary artery contains _____ blood; The pulmonary vein contains ____ blood

A

Deoxygenated; Oxygenated

171
Q

Where does cartilage stop in the respiratory system?

A

2* Bronchus

172
Q

The tertiary bronchus contains alot of _________

A

Smooth muscle

173
Q

Bronchopulmonary Segments: R Lung __; L Lung ___

A

10;8

174
Q

Fluid in the lungs will accumulate in the _____________

A

Costodiaphragmatic recess

175
Q

Types of pleura

A

Visceral & parietal

176
Q

Division of the Superior & Inferior mediastinum occurs at ___________

A

Sternal angle

177
Q

Muscular ridges in the atria are called:

A

Pectinate muscles

178
Q

Where is the most common location for myocardial infarction?

A

Left anterior descending artery

179
Q

Which structure works until age 10, then atrophies

A

Thymus

180
Q

The L recurrent laryngeal artery wraps around ________

A

Arch of aorta

181
Q

The R recurrent laryngeal nerve wraps around ___________

A

Right subclavian artery

182
Q

Marfan’s syndrome is associated with:

A

Aortic aneurysms

183
Q

Stenson’s Duct is located at:

A

Parotid gland (opposite upper 2nd molar)

184
Q

Accessory pancreatic ducts that does directly into the duodenum

A

Santorini Duct

185
Q

Which hormone functions in inhibiting growth hormone?

A

Somatostatin

186
Q

Glucagon is secreted by:

A

Alpha cells

187
Q

Insulin is secreted by:

A

Beta Cells

188
Q

Somatostatin is secreted by:

A

Delta cells

189
Q

Digestive Enzymes

A

Lipase & Amylase

190
Q

Tongue-like projection inferior to the head of the pancreas

A

Uncinate Process

191
Q

What makes the gall bladder green?

A

Billirubin

192
Q

Red Pulp filters _____; White Pulp filters_____

A

RBC; WBC

193
Q

The _______ lobe can’t be palpated

A

Caudate

194
Q

Ligaments that attach liver to diaphragm

A

Falciform ligament, coronary ligament & triangular ligament

195
Q

The Thymus is associated with:

A

Immunity

196
Q

Main vein of the heart; Opens into the __________

A

Coronary Sinus; Right Atrium

197
Q

Which Abdominal quadrant is the spleen located in?

A

Left Hypochondriac

198
Q

What structure in the large intestine forms the haustra?

A

Taeniae Coli (3 bands)

199
Q

Remnant of the median umbilical fold

A

Urachus

200
Q

Pouch between the bladder and uterus

A

Vesicouterine pouch

201
Q

The testicular and ovarian arteries comes off of the _________

A

Abdominal aorta

202
Q

What two things form the ejaculatory duct?

A

Vas deferens and seminal vesicles (via epididymus)

203
Q

Contents inside the quadrangular space

A

Axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery

204
Q

Contents inside the triangular interval

A

Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery

205
Q

Action of the flexor carpi radialis

A

Flex & abduct hand, flex forearm/elbow

206
Q

Origin of Sartorius

A

ASIS

207
Q

Adductor brevis/longus/magnus are innervated by what nerve?

A

Obturator N.

208
Q

Insertion of the extensor digitorum longus

A

Digits 2-5

209
Q

Action of the extensor hallicus longus

A

Extension of the big toe

210
Q

_____ separates greater & lesser sciatic notches

A

Ischial spine

211
Q

_______ transforms the sciatic notches into foramenae

A

Sacrospinous ligaments

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