Anatomy Flashcards
This is responsible for bone resorption?
Osteoclasts
What type of epithelium is located at the oropharynx?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What muscle is unique to the interior walls of the atria?
Pectinate mm
Which joint contains an articular disc?
Temporomadibular
Intermediate sacral crest origin to the spine?
Articular process
This vein is concerned w/ thoracic duct drainage?
Left Subclavian vein
The pancreatic duct empties into:
Duodenum
Lesser Tuberosity: Insertion
Subscapularis
Which muscle is concerned with protraction of the scapula?
Serratus anterior
The Notchord persists as
Nucleus Pulposis
Which plane of motion is Abduction concerned with?
Coronal
What type of epithelium is located at the trachea?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
_________ passes through the diaphragm at T10
Esophagus
Innervation of the finger extensors
Posterior interosseous (Radial N)
Attachment of the cuboid
Tibialis posterior
Attachment of the LH of Biceps Brachii
Supraglenoid tubercle
Muscle at the lateral border of femoral triangle
Sartorius
Mm of the pelvic diaphragm
Levator Ani
Hinge joint for elbow flexion involves which structures:
UIna/Humerus
What type of joint is located between: Dens and Anterior Atlas
Pivot
What ligament attaches to the dens & limits rotation
Alar Ligament
Which muscle innervates the superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus medius
Ligament involved in hip extension
Iliofemoral Ligament
Innervation of the Piriformis: Segments
S1-S2
What nerve innervates Biceps Brachii?
Musculocutaneus
Brachial Artery Branches
Ulnar and Radial
Fibular head ligament
Fibular collateral
Innervation of adductor longus
Obturator N.
The frontal/coronal sutures create which suture
Coronal
Nerve responsible for the wrist extensors (minus Brachioradialis)
Radial N.
The bulbourethral gland is ______ to the prostate
Inferior
Psoas insertion into femur
Lesser trochanter
The metastasis of prostate cancer occurs at the ________
Spine
Finger-like projections
Fimbriae
The lacuna is concerned with _______ formation
Osteocyte
Where is the Coronoid located?
Ulna
What is the most commonly fractured hand bone?
Scaphoid
Where is the conoid located?
Clavicle
Where is the Coracoid located?
Humerus
_______ articulates with the radial head
Capitulum
Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon articulates with which hand bone?
Pisiform
The axial skeleton has a total of _____ bones
80
The axial skeleton includes:
Skull, spine, ossicles of middle ear, hyoid, ribs & sternum
The appendicular skeleton has a total of ____ bones
126
The appendicular skeleton includes which structures:
Clavicles, scapula, arm & forearm, hands, pelvis, thigh & leg, feet & ankles
Major inorganic component of bone
Hydroxyapatite
In endochondral ossification, cartilage is replaced by ______
Bone
What ankle ligament is the most injured?
Anterior talofibular ligament
Strongest ligament of the ankle/foot
Deltoid ligament
Gomphoses refers to which structure
Teeth
Alternate name for Ball & Socket Joint
Spheroid
Alternate name for saddle joint
Sella
Alternate name for pivot joint
Trochoid
Functional classes of joints
-Synarthrosis: Immovable, no movement
-Amphiarthrosis: Slightly moveable
-Diarthrosis: Synovial joints; Freely movable
Structural classes of joints
-Fibrous
-Cartilaginous
-Ligamentous & Synovial joints
Motions of Thumb & Nerve Supply
“RUM”
-Radial: Extension
-Ulnar: Adduction
-Median: Flexion/Opposition
The superficial peroneal nerve supples which muscles
Peroneus longus and brevis
The deep peroneal nerve supplies which muscles
Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus
The inferior gluteal nerve supplies which muscles
Gluteus Maximus
________ & _______ cross two joints forming the “Tailor’s muscle”
Rectus femoris; Sartorius
Smooth muscle is ________ shaped
Spindle
Shortest muscle in the body
Stapedius
Longest muscle in the body
Sartorius
The pelvic muscles are innervated by which nerve?
Pudendal N.
The brachioradialis is innervated by which nerve?
Radial
Rotator cuff muscles
“SITS”
-Supraspinatus
-Infraspinatus
-Teres minor
-Subscapularis
Which bones make up the acetabulum?
Illium, ischium, pubis
The linea aspera is located ________; _______ to gluteal tuberosity
Posterior; Inferior
The adductor tubercle is located _______
Medially
How many tarsals are in the feet?
7
The pulmonary vein is ________
Oxygenated
The lateral lip of the linea aspera is a continuation of the _________
Gluteal tuberosity
Medial lip of the linea aspera is a continuation of the ________
Introtrochanteric line
The adductor tubercle is an attachment of the ______
Adductor magnus
The pectinate muscles are located in the _______
Right atrium
The A-V valves are made of ________
Endocardium (prevents backflow)
The right ventricle contribute most of the ______
Anterior surface of the heart
Branches of the External Carotid
“Save A Lady Falling Out (of a) Plane Super Man!”
-Superior thyroid
-Ascending pharyngeal
-Lingual
-Facial
-Occipital
-Posterior Auricular
The ectoderm contains:
Nerves & Skin
The endoderm is contains:
Air (Respiratory) & Gut
The mesoderm contains:
Everything else
The Superior Mediastinum is located between the:
First rib, sternal angle and T4-T5 Disc
60-70% of saliva is located at:
Submandibular gland
(Other 20-30% @ parotid gland)
Parietal Cells secrete:
HCL & intrinsic factor
Chief cells secrete:
Pepsinogen
Epithelial cells make:
CCK (Cholecystokinin)
The Rugae of the stomach is analygous with the _______ of the small intestine
Brush border
Expansion of the rectum & anus
Columns of Margagni
What organ filters & detoxifies blood
Liver
Which organs are retroperitoneal?
“D Cups Dakri”
-Duodenum
-Ascending Colon
-Ureters
-Pancreas
-Suprarenals
-Descending Colon
-Aorta
-Kidneys
-Rectum
-Inferior Vena Cava
Sphincter for food passage; Smooth/Skeletal Muscle
Esophagus
The right bronchi is ______, _______ and _______
Shorter, wider and vertical
The lobes of R lung are separated by _____ fissures
Oblique & horizontal
Lobes of the L lung are separated by _____ fissure`
Oblique
Stratified is important for:
Protection
Largest organ in the body:
Skin
Skin is special in that it is:
Keratinized
Location of simple squamous
Alveoli and capillaries
Locations of Stratified squamous epithelium
Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, anal canal, vagina & skin
Cuboidal epithelium
Salivary glands, kidney tubules, pancreatic ducts
Epithelium associated with the GI tract
Simple columnar
Epithelium associated with distention
Transitional
The urinary system begins with the _______
Kidneys
The right kidney is _______ than the left kidney
Lower
The kidneys are surrounded by:
A peritoneal fat border
The renal pyramids are located in the:
Medulla
Which hormone controls spermatogenesis?
Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH)
Predominate hormone in pregnancy
Progesterone
What is secreted in the corpus luteum?
-Estrogen (1st half of cycle)
-Progesterone (2nd half of cycle)
Which ligament is medial to the uterus
Ovarian ligament
Which ligament is lateral to the pelvic wall
Suspensory ligament
Which female ligament is strongest?
Broad ligament
Which hormone is secreted during ovulation?
Lutenizing hormone
Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum
HCG
Which hormone is most detected in home pregnancy tests?
HCG
A deficiency in Vitamin B1 leads to what disorder?
Wernicke-Korsakoff (excessive alcohol)
The Palatoglossus is innervated by which cranial nerve?
CN10
Which artery runs transverse across liver?
Hepatic Artery
Dense regular tissue surrounds the ________
Ligaments/Tendons
Dense Irregular tissue is located in the ______
Skin
Circular mm in the digestive system is located in the _______
Stomach
Ligament that attaches the liver to the diaphragm
Coronary
Pouch-like form of coli
Haustra
Papillary mm is located at
Chordae tendinae
Attachment for LH of Biceps
Supraglenoid tubercle
Muscle of lateral border of femoral triangle
Sartorius
If the femoral triangle is impinged, it will affect which movement?
Leg extension
What is the most common space for bacterial pneumonia?
R Middle Lobe
Inferior boundary on superior lobe of the lung
Lingula
The kidneys are located in the ________ layer of the ________
Intermediate layer; Mesoderm
Match these germinal layers/subgroups with their derivatives: Mesoderm (Intermediate), Mesoderm (Lateral Plate), Ectoderm (Surface Ectoderm), Neuroectoderm (Neural Tube), Neuroectoderm (Neural Crest)
- Kidneys
- Adrenal Cortex & Spleen
- Posterior Pituitary, Retina of Eye
- DRG, ANS, Parafollicular Cells of Thyroid, Adrenal Medulla
- Anterior Pituitary, Lens of Eye
- Mesoderm (Intermediate)
- Mesoderm (Lateral Plate)
- Neuroectoderm (Neural Tube)
- Neuroectoderm (Neural Crest)
- Ectoderm (Surface Ectoderm)
Pain down to elbow is called:
Sclerotogenous Pain
Ossification of the Clavicle & all flat bones of the skull is called ___________ Ossification
Intramembranous/Intermedullary Ossification
Ossification of the majority of bones is called ________ ossification
Endochondral
The ______ is both Intramembranous and Endochondral
Scapula
Oral cavity to 1st 1/3 of duodenum
Foregut
Remaining 2/3 of duodenum to the 1st 2/3 of transverse colon
Midgut
Last 1/3 transverse colon to anus
Hindgut
The gubernaculum becomes ______ in males and ______ in females
Males: Scrotal ligament/Gubernacular testis
Females: Suspensory ligament of ovary, ovarian ligament and round ligament
__________ gives rise to the thyroid
Foramen cecum
Resting stage of mitosis (Ie. Protein synthesis)
Interphase
Stage of mitosis where the nuclear membrane disappears
Prophase
Stage of mitosis where chromosomes align at the equator
Metaphase
Stage of mitosis where chromosomes moves toward poles (away)
Anaphase
Separation of chomosomes
Telophase
Formation of daughter cells
Mitosis
Formation of Haploids
Meiosis
The choroid plexus secretes:
CSF
What type of epithelium is located at the urinary bladder, ureters, and kidneys
Transitional
Bronchioles are ________ epithelium
Simple cuboidal
Match these macrophage cells with their location: Dust cells, Kupffer, Microglia, Langerhan
- Brain
- Skin
- Liver
- Lung
- Microglia
- Langerhan
- Kupffer
- Dust Cells
Osteoclast =
Bone
Scar, myofibrils, organic part of bone (most abundant)
Type I Collagen
Articular/Hyaline Cartilage
Type II Collagen
Basement membrane is what type of collagen?
Type IV
List the layers of the epidermis (from superficial to deep)
“Cows Like Green Soft Grass”
Stiatum corneum->Stratium lucidum->Stratium granulosum->Stratium spinosum->Stratium germinativum
Melanin is located in the ______ layer of the epidermis
Basement (striatum germinativum)
All the extrinsic muscles of the tongue are innervated by CN _____, except _______ (CN____)
XII; Palatoglossus: X
Which area of the tongue is involved with texture, not taste
Filiform
What area of the tongue is more sensitive to taste
Foliate
Rings of Waldeyer
Palatine, lingual, pharyngeal & tubal
Rings of Waldeyer
Palatine, lingual, pharyngeal & tubal
Muscles of mastication are innervated by what CN?
Trigeminal N (V3-Mandibular)
What is responsible for voice production?
Glottis (vocal folds/cords)
Match the structure of the diaphragm with it’s location: IVC, Esophagus, Aorta
- T8
- T12
- T10
- IVC
- Aorta
- Esophagus
“I-8-10-Eggs-At-12”
Connects organs to posterior abdominal wall (deemed a new organ)
Mesentery
The portal vein is made from the: _________ & ________ vein
Superior & inferior mesenteric
The Left Lung has ___ lobes & the right lung has ___ lobes
2;3
Where the esophagus meets greater curvature of the stomach
Cardiac notch
The pulmonary artery contains _____ blood; The pulmonary vein contains ____ blood
Deoxygenated; Oxygenated
Where does cartilage stop in the respiratory system?
2* Bronchus
The tertiary bronchus contains alot of _________
Smooth muscle
Bronchopulmonary Segments: R Lung __; L Lung ___
10;8
Fluid in the lungs will accumulate in the _____________
Costodiaphragmatic recess
Types of pleura
Visceral & parietal
Division of the Superior & Inferior mediastinum occurs at ___________
Sternal angle
Muscular ridges in the atria are called:
Pectinate muscles
Where is the most common location for myocardial infarction?
Left anterior descending artery
Which structure works until age 10, then atrophies
Thymus
The L recurrent laryngeal artery wraps around ________
Arch of aorta
The R recurrent laryngeal nerve wraps around ___________
Right subclavian artery
Marfan’s syndrome is associated with:
Aortic aneurysms
Stenson’s Duct is located at:
Parotid gland (opposite upper 2nd molar)
Accessory pancreatic ducts that does directly into the duodenum
Santorini Duct
Which hormone functions in inhibiting growth hormone?
Somatostatin
Glucagon is secreted by:
Alpha cells
Insulin is secreted by:
Beta Cells
Somatostatin is secreted by:
Delta cells
Digestive Enzymes
Lipase & Amylase
Tongue-like projection inferior to the head of the pancreas
Uncinate Process
What makes the gall bladder green?
Billirubin
Red Pulp filters _____; White Pulp filters_____
RBC; WBC
The _______ lobe can’t be palpated
Caudate
Ligaments that attach liver to diaphragm
Falciform ligament, coronary ligament & triangular ligament
The Thymus is associated with:
Immunity
Main vein of the heart; Opens into the __________
Coronary Sinus; Right Atrium
Which Abdominal quadrant is the spleen located in?
Left Hypochondriac
What structure in the large intestine forms the haustra?
Taeniae Coli (3 bands)
Remnant of the median umbilical fold
Urachus
Pouch between the bladder and uterus
Vesicouterine pouch
The testicular and ovarian arteries comes off of the _________
Abdominal aorta
What two things form the ejaculatory duct?
Vas deferens and seminal vesicles (via epididymus)
Contents inside the quadrangular space
Axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery
Contents inside the triangular interval
Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery
Action of the flexor carpi radialis
Flex & abduct hand, flex forearm/elbow
Origin of Sartorius
ASIS
Adductor brevis/longus/magnus are innervated by what nerve?
Obturator N.
Insertion of the extensor digitorum longus
Digits 2-5
Action of the extensor hallicus longus
Extension of the big toe
_____ separates greater & lesser sciatic notches
Ischial spine
_______ transforms the sciatic notches into foramenae
Sacrospinous ligaments
