Biochem Flashcards
________ is an isomer of citrate; (Citrate->Isocitrate)
Aconitase
Dementia, dermatitism diarrhea and death are associated with ______________
Pellegra; Associated with the 4 D’s
____________ is associated with a vitamin B1 deficiency
Beriberi
__________ is associated with steroid hormones
Cholesterol
+RNA is an __________
Anticodon
_____ is associated with the amount of substrate required
Km
Sugar associated with ATP
Ribose
Billary atresia is associated with ________
Vitamin D
biliary atresia occurs in infants when the bile cannot flow into the intestine, so it builds up in the liver and damages it. This can cause jaundice and it can lead to liver failure.
Unable to breakdown Valine leads to ___________
Maple Syrup urine deficiency
A lilac colored rash around the eyes and mouth is associated with _________
Copper
___________ is derived from Testosterone
Estradiol
Rash around the nose and lips is associated with ________
Zinc
Citrate is an ________
Inhibitor/activator
_________ has multiple isoenzymes in the human body
Creatine kinase
Cretinism is due to ________
Iodine deficiency
___________ is a co-factor in Factor-2 (Prothrombin)
Vitamin K
Which amino acid does not exist in a L or D formation?
Glycine
Branched Chain Amino Acids
“LIV”
-Leucine
-Isoleucine
-Valine
Phenylalanine can be converted to __________
Tyrosine
PKU (Phenyl Ketone Urea) is a ________ Disease
Metabolic
___________ begins the translation process
Methionine
Tyrosine is a precursor to:
L-Dopa (Dopamine), Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, Melanin (Skin Pigment)
Tyrosinase is the precursor that changes tyrosine into _____
L-Dopa
Tryptophan is the precursor for:
Serotonin and Niacin
Niacin is the precursor for:
NAD+, NADP+
_________ is the peptide bond for proteins and amino acids
Peptidyl Transferase
Serotonin is a AA precursor for:
Tryptophan
Histamine is an AA precursor for:
Histidine
Sulfur containing AAs
Methionine, cysteine
Amino aids with an aromatic “ring”
Phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine
Primary protein structure
Linear sequence of AAs
Secondary Structure of Protein*
Alpha-helices, and Beta-pleated sheaths
Tertiary Structure of Protein
-Single polypeptide, which folds to form globular proteins
-Ex. Myoglobin
Quaternary structure of protein
Multiple polypeptides coming together
-Ex. Hemoglobin
Enzymes: _____ rate of a reaction & _____ activation energy
Increase; Decrease
Km
Substrate concentration
Decreased km leads to ______ affinity b/w enzyme and substrate
High
Competitive inhibitors bind to:
The active site
Non-competitive inhibitors binds to:
Something other than the active site (change activity of enzyme)
Allosteric enzymes have a ________ curve
Sigmoidal
Transferases are _________ and Add/Remove _______
Kinases; Phosphate
-ATP->ADP + PI
-ADP + PI->ATP
Ligases are _____ and Add ________
Carboxylase; CO2
Lyase is a _______; Removes ______
Decarboxylase; CO2
ATP->ADP + PI is an example of a _______
Transferase
Pyruvate Carboxylase (Pyruvate + CO2->Oxaloacetate) is an example of a _______ and is important in __________
Ligase; Glyconeogenesis
Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (Acetyl CoA + CO2 ->Malonyl CoA) is an example of a _______ and is an important reaction in ________
Ligase; Fat Synthesis
What coenzyme is needed for AA transferase and GPT
Vitamin B6
(Pyrodoxine)
High GPT (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase) is associated with:
Liver damage
Coenzyme for Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
Biotin
(Vitamin B7)
The Alanine Shuttle is important for moving _______ from the _______ to _______
Nitrogen; Muscle; Liver
What vitamin is important for hydroxylation & collagen formation
Vitamin C
What is Vitamin B1 also called?
Thiamine
The active form of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
TPP (Thiamine pyrophosphate)
Thiamine creates a ________ Reaction
Oxidative/decaroxylation
A deficiency in Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) is associated with:
Beri Beri
Vitamin B2 is also known as
Riboflavin
Active forms of Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
FAD, FADH2, FMN/FMNH2
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) is a _________ reaction
Oxidation reduction
Vitamin B3 is also known as
Niacin
The active forms of Niacin include:
NAD+/NADH & NADP/NADPH
Niacin is an _______ reaction
Oxidation reduction
A Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency is associated with:
Pellegra
Vitamin B5 is also known as:
Pantothenic acid
Pantothenic acid is a ______ reaction
Coenzyme A
Vitamin B6 is also known as:
Pyridoxine
The active form of pyroxidine is
Pyridoxal phosphate
Pyroxidine is a _______ Reaction
Transamination*
Biotin is a ______ reaction
Carboxylation
Vitamin C is also known as _______
Ascorbic acid
Vitamin C is a ____ reaction
Collagen
Name the fat soluble vitamins
A,D,E,K
Match the fat-soluble vitamin with it’s function/deficiency: Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K
1. Vision; Night Blindness
2. Lipid Antioxidant; “Possible” anemia, sterility
3. Blood clotting/Thrombin formation; Clotting disorders
4. Calcium/Phosphate Levels; Osteomalacia/Ricketts
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin D
Which two vitamins are involved in keeping RBCs together?
Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
Which vitamins are considered to be antioxidants?
“ACES”
Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E and Selenium
Which monosaccharide is the only pentose (5C)?
Ribose (aldopentose)
Every monosaccharide is a aldehyde, EXCEPT:
Fructose (Ketohexose)
Name the pairings of an RNA molecule?
A-U*, G-C
Insulin functions to _____ blood glucose:
Increase
Insulin stimulates _______ pathways, which include:
Anabolic; Glycogen synthesis & fatty acid synthesis
