Spina Bifida Flashcards
Pathophysiology
spinal abnormalities which occur within the first 4 mths of pregnancy, baby’s developing spine fails to close properly
Causes
Genetic - linked to others in family having spina bifida
Environmental - insufficient folic acid intake during pregnancy
Folic Acid - pregnancy
Need 5mg per day
Recommed take first 3 mths of pregnancy
at least 1 mth prior to getting pregnant
Diagnosis
US and blood tests during 16th and 18th week of pregnancy
Potential Impairments
LL weakness Altered skin sensation abnormal bladder and bowel control learning difficulties - organisation, problem solving, learning new skills hydrocephalus spasticity musc deformities seizures
Hydrocephalus
Result of Arnold Chiari malformation on the spine
causes build up of fluid in the brain
has to be drained to the abdomen where it is reabsorbed by the body
can cause seizures, visual issues and other complications
Types
Myelomeningocele aperta - lesion involves nerves, usually associated with paralysis
Meningocele aperta - involves skin and membranes, non-functional nerves, usually no paralysis
Lipoma of the spinal cord occulta - hidden lesion, marked by skin dimple/pigmentation, paralysis depends on location
Myelolcystoceles occulta - separate cysts, occur in lumbar and sacral regions
Cord Tethering/Cysts
as they grow, their spinal cord may become stuck, not move through the vertebral canal Results in - changed sensation - changes muscle strength - back or neck pain - increased spasticity - reduced functional ability - changed continence
Shunt Blockage
If have shunt to drain ICF - may become blocked Results in - headache - vomiting - fever - fatigue - personality changes - deteriorating function - increased spasticity - lethargy - dizziness - visual problems
Assessment
Full MSK - AROM/PROM, strength, monitor hips and spine
Neuro - tone
Sensation
Function/fitness
