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ESA 4 - Reproductive System > Spermatogenesis > Flashcards

Spermatogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

What are spermatogonia?

A

The ‘raw material’ for spermatogenesis

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2
Q

How long are spermatogonia available for?

A

Up to 70 years

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3
Q

How do spermatagonia divide?

A

Mitosis

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4
Q

What does mitotic division of spermatogonia give rise to?

A
  • Ad spermatogonium
  • Ap spermatogonium
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5
Q

What do Ad spermatagonium do?

A

Maintain stock

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6
Q

What do Ap spermatagonium do?

A

Give rise to primary spermatocytes

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7
Q

What happens to primary spermatocytes?

A

They divide by meiosis, giving rise to secondary spermatocytes

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8
Q

What do secondary spermatocytes give rise to?

A

Spermatids

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9
Q

What does each primary spermatocyte form?

A

4 haploid spermatids

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10
Q

What happens to spermatids once produced?

A

They are released into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules in a process called spermination

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11
Q

What happens to the spermatids as they pass down the seminiferous tubule?

A

They remodel

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12
Q

What path do spermatids take from the seminiferous tubule?

A

They pass through the rete testis and ductuli efferentes

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13
Q

Are sperm motile when passing through the seminiferous tubule to the ductuli efferentes?

A

No

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14
Q

If spermatids are non-motile, how can they pass through the seminiferous tubules to ductuli efferentes?

A

Transport via Sertoli cell secretions, assisted by peristaltic contraction, until they reach the epididymis

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15
Q

What happens to spermatids in the epididymis?

A

They form spermatozoa

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16
Q

What is sperm capacitation?

A

The final maturation step required before sperm become fertile

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17
Q

Where does sperm capacitation happen?

A

In the female genital tract

18
Q

What happens in sperm capacititation?

A
  • Removal of glycoproteins and cholesterol from sperm membrane
  • Activation of sperm signalling pathways
19
Q

What is involved in the activation of sperm signalling pathways?

A

Atypical soluble adenylyl cyclase and PKA

20
Q

What does sperm capacitation allow?

A

Sperm to bind to zona pellucida of oocyte and initiate aerosome reaction

21
Q

What must happen to human sperm for in vitro fertilisation?

A

It must first be incubated in capacitation media

22
Q

What is the spermatic cycle defined as?

A

The time taken for reappearance of the same stage within a given segment of tubule

23
Q

How long is the spermatic cycle in humans?

A

About 16 days

24
Q

Why does the spermatic cycle occur?

A

Because not all stages in spermatogenesis are visible in a single cross-section of the seminiferous tubule

25
Q

Why are not all stages in spermatogenesis not visible in a single cross-section of the seminiferous tubule?

A

Cells tend to appear in groups with the same maturation stages

26
Q

What is the spermatogenic wave?

A

The distance between the ‘same stage’

27
Q

Why can the spermatogenic wave be defined?

A

Because different stages in spermatogenesis are ordered in time as well as space, and each stage follows an orderly sequence along the length of the tubule

28
Q

What is the rete testis?

A

Part of the testis

29
Q

What is the role of the rete testis?

A

Spermatids move down rete testis to reach epididymis

30
Q

What is the epididymis the location for?

A

Spermatozoa formation

31
Q

Is the epididymis part of the testis?

A

yes

32
Q

What structures are involved in the delivery of sperm?

A
  • Seminal vesicles
  • Prostate
  • Bulbourethral glands
  • Vas deferens
33
Q

How does sperm enter semen?

A

It travels down the vas deferens

34
Q

What % of semen does seminal vesicle secretions constitute?

A

70%

35
Q

What do seminal vesicle secretions consist of?

A
  • Amino acids
  • Citrate
  • Fructose
  • Prostaglandins
36
Q

What % of semen do prostate secretions constitute?

A

25%

37
Q

What do prostate secretions consist of?

A
  • Proteolytic enzymes
  • Zinc
38
Q

What are bulbourethral glands also called?

A

Cowper glands

39
Q

What % of semen does bulbourethral glands secretions constitute?

A

1%

40
Q

What do bulbourethral gland secretions consist of?

A

Mucoproteins

41
Q

What is the function of mucoproteins?

A
  • Helps lubricate
  • Neutralises acidic urine in distral urethra

ESA 4 - Reproductive System (31 decks)

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