Sperm transport

Question 1

Organs participating in semen production

Answer 1

Testicle: sperm cell formation and small amounts of fluid
Body of epididymis: sperm maturation and epididymal fluid
Accessory sex glands: nutrients and fluids

Question 2

Penis drop

Answer 2

Erection
Nitric Oxide release
pre-ejaculatory secretions

Question 3

Emission

Answer 3

Sperm and accessory gland fluid into pelvic urethra

Question 4

Ejaculation

Answer 4

expulsion of fluids from urethra

Question 5

Detumenscence

Answer 5

Increased smooth muscle
Contraction of retractor penis
Sacral sympathetic

Question 6

Semen deposition in the vagina

Answer 6

Bull
Ram
Man
Cat
dog

Question 7

Semen deposition in the cervix

Answer 7

boar

Question 8

Semen deposition in the uterus

Answer 8

camelid
stallion
dog
boar

Question 9

What is the role of the cervix during semen transport

Answer 9

Reservoir

Selective barrier

Question 10

What role does uterine contractility play is semen trasnprt

Answer 10

Propel semen cranially and caudally

Oxytocin release

Question 11

What hormones cause uterine contractility

Answer 11

PGF2
Estrogen
both from seminal plasma

Question 12

Where does capacition begin

Answer 12

Uterus

Question 13

What induces inflammation and increased polymorphonuclear neurophils into the uterine lumen

Answer 13

Spermatozoa

Question 14

What are 3 roles of seminal plasma

Answer 14

Decrease duration of inflammatory response
Protects live sperm from PMN binding
Promotes PMN binding with dead sperm

Question 15

Where does fertilization occur

Answer 15

ampullla

Question 16

What is the purpose of the oviductal isthmus

Answer 16

sperm storage

Question 17

What is a side effect of cryopreservation

Answer 17

Removal of seminal plasma

Question 18

Fraction of semen in ruminants

Answer 18

1 jet (sperm rich fraction)

Question 19

Fraction of semen in equids

Answer 19

5-7 jets (~3 sperm rich fractions and gel fraction)

Question 20

Fraction of semen in swine

Answer 20

Gel fraction, sperm rich fraction, and gel fraction

Question 21

Fraction of semen in canine

Answer 21

Sperm poor fraction, sperm rich fraction, and prostatic fraction

Question 22

What are causes of immediate loss of sperm?

Answer 22

Phagocytosis and retrograde loss (can be prevented with vaginal or cervical plug)

Question 23

Breeding induced endometritis

Answer 23

Spermatozoa induce inflammation and influx of polymorphonuclear cells into the lumen, aids in sperm elimination

Question 24

Mechanisms of sperm elimination

Answer 24

Phagocytosis, activated PMN’s release PGF2alpha, which causes myometrial contractions

Question 25

How does cryopreservation affect sperm elimination?

Answer 25

Interferes with binding to oviduct, removal of seminal plasma leads to loss of protective effect

Question 26

Why would we alter the site of semen deposition in AI?

Answer 26

Reduce breeding dose and reduce number of inseminations

Question 27

Function of uterotubal junction

Answer 27

Sperm barrier

Question 28

Function of infundibulum

Answer 28

Guides oocyte