Speech Science Flashcards
3 main components of communication
Extralinguistic, speech, language
3 components of extralinguistic
Metalinguistic, Paralinguistic, Nonlinguistic
study of language and relationship with other behaviors
Metalinguistic
communication aspects that are not words (i.e. gestures)
Paralinguistic
sounds not relating to language (i.e. laughing)
Nonlinguistic
4 subcategories of speech
Respiration, Phonation, Resonation, Articulation
breathing, power and energy
Respiration
creating of voice sounds; vocal fold vibration
Phonation
modification of phonation; cavities and structures
Resonation
manipulation into distinct sounds and words
Articulation
Parts of language
Form (phonology, morphology, syntax), Content (semantics), Use (pragmatics)
sounds (no meaning attributed to individual sounds)
Phonology
word order (words strung together to form sentences)
Syntax
word endings (phoneme strings, smallest unit of meaning)
Morphology
word meanings (morphemes that are strung together to form words; vocab and word definitions)
Semantics
social rules (language rules and how we use language; code switching & situational language)
Pragmatics
2 phases of respiration
inhalation and exhalation
diaphragm contracts and air rushes into lungs; abdomen expands and then chest expands
Inhalation
diaphragm relaxes forcing air back out of lungs
exhalation
frequency of vibration
pitch
intensity of the sound
loudness
the sound quality of the voice
quality
doctor uses flexible tube w/ light and camera to view pictures of digestive tract
Endoscopy
use relatively intense pulsed x-ray exposures to form x-ray image
Fluorography
branch of physics that studies properties of sound
Acoustics
resistance when force is exerted upon an object
Inertia
tendency for an object to return to its original state
Elasticity
each individual vibration
Cycle
Time of 1 full cycle
Period
of cycles in 1 second
Frequency
maximum displacement of particles in a medium
Amplitude- A
rate at which object vibrates; number of cycles in 1 sec
Frequency- F
Frequency measured in
Hz
Frequency perceptually related to
Pitch
amount of time required for 1 complete cycle
Period
has only one frequency
Pure Tones
Pure tone wave tipe
Sine
periodic, cycles will repeat themselves identically
Sine Waves
more than one frequency present and the complex pattern repeats over time
Complex periodic waves
more than one frequency present and no cyclical or pattern behavior
Complex aperiodic waves
lowest pure tone component of sound
Fundamental Frequency
all other frequencies present in a sound (excluding fundamental)
Partials/Overtones
whole # multiples of fundamental frequency
Harmonics
