Speech, Revolutions and YouTube Flashcards
Cyberutopianism
Double-edged sword of the internet
Dissent & authoritarian rule
Participation & surveillance
Even a decentralized network can be silenced
Death switch - the internet it shut down
Early internet
National boundaries re-inscribed through the internet
This new space with no boundaries
Section 230
Websites are like telephone polls
Company own the telephone poll but they aren’t responsible for posters on the telephone poll
The same idea for websites (Web 2.0)
Youtube
DMCA- notice/takedown
Communications Decency Act
Great Firewall
Chinese internet
It is designed for National sovereignty
Websites that are blocked
Censorship, surveillance
Companies opt in. opposite of Section 203
Great Canon
People employed to post pro government information on the internet/media
Hao Haidong
Chinese soccer star
June 2020
Posted on his youtube channel, criticizing the Chinese government
Got taken down within 24 hours
Also the links and comments disappeared as it didn’t exist
Arab Spring
2010-2012
Started in Tunisia
Someone sets himself on fire to protest the government
Led to many protests against the government
A guy made a song targeting the government
He was found and jailed
He promised to not make political
Libya- Gaddafi
Egypt- Mubarak
Internet traffic doubles
New public sphere - internet revolution, reminded the overthrow of communism
Internet kill switches- but we also saw the opposite of the new public sphere
Yemen, Syria, Bahrain, more countries
Internet Kill Switch
Turn of the internet in a region or a country
Iran, Yemen, Syria, Bahrain, more countries
The Green Revolution
Iran
2009 - Ahmadinejad
DDos, Internet Kill Switch, Filtering
Stuxnet
Stuxnet (2010)- internet worm virus
Covert “cyberwar”
Bloody November
Bloody November (2019-2020) complain on fuel prices, 1500 killed
6 days of internet shutdown to allow the government to reestablish control
Without internet hard to organize protests
Mahsa Amini
Mahsa Amini Protests (2022)
Arrested for not wearing her hijab
Killed in prison
Protests around women rights
Russian Internet Research Agency
Closed in 2023
People trying to influence conversations in government
Trying to sow discontent to create chaos
Trying to polarize the people
Election showdowns in India, Kazakhstan, Malawi, Pakistan, more
2017 Network Enforcement Act
Germany
Platforms must remove extremist content
Very hard to enforce
Many other European countries came up with similar laws
Right to be forgotten
European Union directive
You control your data
Citizens control their own data and have tools to control it
Can write to the company to forget their information, and take away their information from their database
Can be done in Europe or by a European citizen
Wikileaks
Created in 2005-06 by Julian Assange
In the side of the people
To help share huge dumps of government files
Espionage Act - threatens national security
It was on amazon web services but got kicked out due to the government going to Amazon to kicked to them out
Pentagon Papers
1971
Documents about the U.S intervening in the Vietnam war
Not telling them the truth of the war
Published by newspapers
Government says it’s a matter of national security
Supreme court - as long did they didn’t break in for the paper then it is okay for the newspaper to publish the papers
Julian Assange
2005-6 Julian Assange starts Wikileaks
To help share huge dumps of government files
uncurated and transparency
Edward Snowden
A contractor hired by the government to work on national security
Had accessed and discovered that the government tracks (access) everything online
A film, Snowden
Terrified by everything (paranoid)
Goes to Russia and is protected by Putin
