Public Sphere Flashcards
Public Sphere
People start to be able to think about politics and can have their opinions heard through coffee houses
Debate ideas
“Nouvellistes de bouche”
gossip mongers who worked oral circuits of communication in Paris
Daily Me
How the internet would change the way news circulates and affect democracy
Algorithms filter out, thus we see only our position (perspective), which allows for confirmation bias
We become fragmented/disconnected from the nation, when we only get news about things we care about
Believes decision-making should take time so we can deliberate, but the internet allows for the flow of information to be rapid leading to rumors to be believed more quickly since that is there only source of news
Deliberative Democracy
School of thought in political thought in political theory that claims that political decisions should be the product of fair and reasonable discussion and debate among citizens
Telegraph
A way of communication
Press down to complete circuit and it would make a noise
Allows for communication through distances
Annihilate space and time, allows for global community, universal language
Flag Semaphores
Used by the military (the marines) for communication
“Victorian Internet” (Tom Standage)
Book that tells the history of the invention of the telegraph
The story covers the early use of the optical telegraph, the creation of the electric telegraph, and how the new technology reshaped society and industry
Samuel Morse
co-developer of Morse code in 1837 and helped to develop the commercial use of telegraphy.
contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on European telegraphs.
Monopoly
One entity controls the market
Leads to no innovation, no competition, allows for a universal system
Western Union
Telegraph given by the army in Civil War to Western Union
A company that became a monopoly
Associated Press
Exclusive News outlet only used by Western Union
Only one company was allowed to spread news and only through telegraph
Rutherford Hayes
President of the United States
The Western Union and Associated Press ran constant good stories about Hayes which help him become president
He was less popular candidate than opponent
Yet still wins thanks to the power/influence of Western Union and Associated Press
Compromise of 1877
Democrats controlling the House of Representatives allowed the decision of the Electoral Commission to take effect, securing political legitimacy for Hayes’s legal authority as President. The subsequent withdrawal of the last federal troops from the Southern United States effectively ended the Reconstruction Era.
Republican in power
Racist policies reintegrated
Master Switch (Tim Wu)
All about the telegraph and the monopoly
The telegraph made it easier for the republicans
Telephone
began around 1840
way of communicating
Bell Telephone
Created by Alexander Graham Bell in 1877, became a threat to the telegraph
Western Union started to build their version of the telephone, but still uses the telegraph
Telegram usage decreases, phone usage increases becomes monopoly and buys Western Union will ultimately become AT&T
Communications Act of 1934
Telephone becomes a regulated monopoly
AT&T reasons that the telephone needs to be a monopoly for the terms of privacy
Hush-a-phone
An attachment that allows the phone/conversations to be more private
AT&T sues saying that they didn’t permit the attachment to be created/sold
Carterphone
An attachment that turns the phone into a speaker
AT&T also sued this creation with the same intention they sued Hush-a-phone
“just, fair, and reasonable”
Justification used for the cases of lawsuit on the Hush-a-Phone and Carterphone to allow the creation/selling of these attachments, which limited the phone monopoly
Led to others buying phones to connect them into the system, which are not from AT&T due to other sellers allowing for innovation
This was new because they used to have to buy specifically an AT&T phone to be able to connect it into the system
Moderns
A device that allowed people to connect to the internet at home through phone lines
Which used to be only done by people at institutions and libraries
Radio
The usage of the radio started with amateurs for themselves (communicate), and then used by companies
It was an open system with the amateurs since it wasn’t controlled
Open v closed systems
An open system is a system where amateurs have free reign, and there is no control over it.
Close system is being controlled by a person and a group
Ham radio, amateur radio
Was used normally by amateurs who developed it but companies would take over it and cut the amateur out
