Speech Perception 2

Question 1

What is the motor theory?

Answer 1

Listeners mimic the articulatory movements of speakers, produces a motor signal, this facilitates speech perception
Fadiga et al(2002) applied a stimulation to tongue region in motor cortex which listening to words, found greater activation of tongue muscles when listening to words involving tongue movement

Question 2

What is a study done on the motor theory?

Answer 2

Applied stimulation to temporarily disrupt the lip representation in the left primary motor cortex.
This impaired categorical perception of speech sounds that differ in place of articulation, but not for sounds not involving the lips,

Question 3

What is the Trace model?

Answer 3

A network model based on connectionist principles.
Several sources of information combine interactively to achieve spoken word recognition
Three levels(words, phonemes, speech features)

Key components

• Speech feature nodes connected to phoneme nodes connected to word nodes
• Bottom up activation from word features proceeds updwards, context effects cause downward activation
• The word recognised will depend on activation levels of possible candidate words

Question 4

What is some evidence for TRACE model?

Answer 4

• Word superiority effect predicted

- Stronger effect for 90% (high word%) condition

Question 5

What is the cohort model?

Answer 5

Words similar to what is heard are activated
Words eliminated if they do not match further information such as semantic or other context
Processing continues until all other possibilites are elimiated.

Question 6

What experiment has been done to investiage the cohort model?

Answer 6

Listen to target word in sentence, measure reaction time.

Uniqueness point took longer in absence of syntax and semantic cues.