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aa Neuro 3 > Speech & Aphasia > Flashcards

Speech & Aphasia Flashcards

1
Q

aphasia

A

the name given to a collection of language disorders caused by damage to the brain

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2
Q

amnesia

A

a partial or total loss of memory.

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3
Q

Broca’s area

A

44, 45

Language processing has been linked to Broca’s area

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4
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

one of the two parts of the cerebral cortex linked, since the late nineteenth century, to speech (the other is Broca’s area).

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5
Q

global aphasia

A

a type of language disorder caused by damage to the brain. It is a nonfluent aphasia with severe impairment of both expressive and receptive skills. Patients with global aphasia are unable to say or understand more than a few words and are unable to read or write.

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6
Q

The subspecialty of neurology concerned with the effects of structural brain disease or injury on behavior

A

Behavioral Neurology

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7
Q

The subspecialty of psychiatry with essentially the same interests as behavioral neurology (the two are now formally affiliated – BN & NP)

A

Neuropsychiatry

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8
Q

The branch of psychology devoted to the study of brain-behavior relationships (neuropsychologists are PhDs who conduct neuropsychological testing, not neuropsychiatric testing)

A

Neuropsychology

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9
Q

Mental Status Examination

A 
Arousal and attention 
Memory
Language 
Visuospatial function 
Mood and affect 
Complex cognition 
1-30 point scale 
Abnormal
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10
Q

– level of consciousness, digit span, serial sevens

A

Arousal and attention

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11
Q

– orientation, 3 words at 5 minutes, remote events

A

Memory

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12
Q

fluency, comprehension, repetition, naming, reading, writing

A

Language

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13
Q

clock drawing, tests for hemineglect

A

Visuospatial function

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14
Q

– inquiries about feelings, observations of affect

A

Mood and affect

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15
Q

– executive function, similarities, proverbs, judgment, insight

A

Complex cognition

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16
Q

impaired recent memory, with deficient new learning

A

Amnesia

17
Q

an acquired disorder of language

A

Aphasia

18
Q

multiple coexisting neurobehavioral syndromes (e.g amnesia, aphasia, personality change)

A

Dementia

19
Q

An acquired disorder of language caused by brain damage

Language is the capacity to communicate using verbal symbols

A

Definition of Aphasia

20
Q

Thought and language are distinct – ________is the means by which thought is communicated
So, schizophrenia, often described as a thought disorder, is not a disorder of: _______

A

language

21
Q

Mutism

A

DDx

  • psychiatric disease
  • severe aphasia
  • anarthria or aphonia
22
Q

dysarthria

A

a disorder of speech due to motor system involvement

23
Q

99% of dextrals (right-handers) are _________ for language, and 67% of sinistrals (left-handers) are also__________ for language

A

left dominant

24
Q

The great majority of people are ___________ for language

A

left dominant

25
Q

Ambidextrous people may have_________ language dominance

A

mixed

26
Q

The Aphasia Examination

A 
Spontaneous speech  
Auditory comprehension 
Repetition – “No ifs, ands, or buts”
Naming  
Reading
Writing
27
Q

Nonfluency is characterized by labored, effortful speech and

A

Spontaneous speech

28
Q

Poor comprehension is defined by performing

A

Auditory comprehension

29
Q

Language is most firmly associated with the perisylvian zone that includes:

A

Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas

30
Q

characterized by nonfluent, effortful speech with relatively preserved auditory comprehension
Speech is telegraphic and agrammatic

A

Broca’s Aphasia

31
Q

characterized by fluent, paraphasic speech with poor auditory comprehension
Speech may be very rapid, with “press of speech” or logorrhea

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia

32
Q

form of aphasia involves damage to the arcuate fasciculus, a white matter tract connecting Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas
Many cases also have supramarginal gyrus damage
Repetition deficit is the salient feature

A

Conduction Aphasia

33
Q

This is the most severe form of aphasia, and results from destruction of the entire perisylvian language zone
Patients have essentially no language function and right hemiplegia

A

Global Aphasia

aa Neuro 3 (24 decks)

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