Speech & Aphasia

Question 1

aphasia

Answer 1

the name given to a collection of language disorders caused by damage to the brain

Question 2

amnesia

Answer 2

a partial or total loss of memory.

Question 3

Broca’s area

Answer 3

44, 45

Language processing has been linked to Broca’s area

Question 4

Wernicke’s area

Answer 4

one of the two parts of the cerebral cortex linked, since the late nineteenth century, to speech (the other is Broca’s area).

Question 5

global aphasia

Answer 5

a type of language disorder caused by damage to the brain. It is a nonfluent aphasia with severe impairment of both expressive and receptive skills. Patients with global aphasia are unable to say or understand more than a few words and are unable to read or write.

Question 6

The subspecialty of neurology concerned with the effects of structural brain disease or injury on behavior

Answer 6

Behavioral Neurology

Question 7

The subspecialty of psychiatry with essentially the same interests as behavioral neurology (the two are now formally affiliated – BN & NP)

Answer 7

Neuropsychiatry

Question 8

The branch of psychology devoted to the study of brain-behavior relationships (neuropsychologists are PhDs who conduct neuropsychological testing, not neuropsychiatric testing)

Answer 8

Neuropsychology

Question 9

Mental Status Examination

Answer 9

Arousal and attention 
Memory
Language 
Visuospatial function 
Mood and affect 
Complex cognition 
1-30 point scale 
Abnormal

Question 10

– level of consciousness, digit span, serial sevens

Answer 10

Arousal and attention

Question 11

– orientation, 3 words at 5 minutes, remote events

Answer 11

Memory

Question 12

fluency, comprehension, repetition, naming, reading, writing

Answer 12

Language

Question 13

clock drawing, tests for hemineglect

Answer 13

Visuospatial function

Question 14

– inquiries about feelings, observations of affect

Answer 14

Mood and affect

Question 15

– executive function, similarities, proverbs, judgment, insight

Answer 15

Complex cognition

Question 16

impaired recent memory, with deficient new learning

Answer 16

Amnesia

Question 17

an acquired disorder of language

Answer 17

Aphasia

Question 18

multiple coexisting neurobehavioral syndromes (e.g amnesia, aphasia, personality change)

Answer 18

Dementia

Question 19

An acquired disorder of language caused by brain damage

Language is the capacity to communicate using verbal symbols

Answer 19

Definition of Aphasia

Question 20

Thought and language are distinct – ________is the means by which thought is communicated
So, schizophrenia, often described as a thought disorder, is not a disorder of: _______

Answer 20

language

Question 21

Mutism

Answer 21

DDx

• psychiatric disease
• severe aphasia
• anarthria or aphonia

Question 22

dysarthria

Answer 22

a disorder of speech due to motor system involvement

Question 23

99% of dextrals (right-handers) are _________ for language, and 67% of sinistrals (left-handers) are also__________ for language

Answer 23

left dominant

Question 24

The great majority of people are ___________ for language

Answer 24

left dominant

Question 25

Ambidextrous people may have_________ language dominance

Answer 25

mixed

Question 26

The Aphasia Examination

Answer 26

``` Spontaneous speech Auditory comprehension Repetition – “No ifs, ands, or buts” Naming Reading Writing ```

Question 27

Nonfluency is characterized by labored, effortful speech and

Answer 27

Spontaneous speech

Question 28

Poor comprehension is defined by performing

Answer 28

Auditory comprehension

Question 29

Language is most firmly associated with the perisylvian zone that includes:

Answer 29

Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas

Question 30

characterized by nonfluent, effortful speech with relatively preserved auditory comprehension Speech is telegraphic and agrammatic

Answer 30

Broca’s Aphasia

Question 31

characterized by fluent, paraphasic speech with poor auditory comprehension Speech may be very rapid, with “press of speech” or logorrhea

Answer 31

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Question 32

form of aphasia involves damage to the arcuate fasciculus, a white matter tract connecting Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas Many cases also have supramarginal gyrus damage Repetition deficit is the salient feature

Answer 32

Conduction Aphasia

Question 33

This is the most severe form of aphasia, and results from destruction of the entire perisylvian language zone Patients have essentially no language function and right hemiplegia

Answer 33

Global Aphasia