Otology Flashcards
Types of Hearing Loss
Conductive- (external ear, TM, middle ear)
Sensory- (cochlear)
Neural- (8th nerve, central pathways)
Causes of Conductive Hearing Loss
Otitis media TM perforation Cholesteatoma Otosclerosis Congenital aural atresia
Causes of Sensory HearingLoss
Hair cell loss Presbycusis Noise trauma Ototoxicity Genetic factors
Gradual, progressive bilateral hearing loss caused by degenerative physiologic changes associated with aging
Decreased hearing threshold sensitivity
Decreased ability to understand supra-threshold speech
Central auditory process impairment
Presbycusis
Causes of Neural Hearing Loss
8th nerve tumors
Auditory neuropathy
Multiple Sclerosis
graph that shows the audible threshold for standardized frequencies as measured by an audiometer. The Y axis represents intensity measured in decibels and the X axis represents frequency measured in Hertz.
Audiogram
air vs bone threshold difference
Conductive hearing loss
Once you loose hair cells
THEY NEVER COME BACK
Key to ototoxicity
Prevention and Monitoring
redox path way, anti- ox may help
Genetic hearing loss often from
CMV virus in utero
Auto-R
Connexin mutation
Endolymphatic Hydrops
Sensory Hearing Loss
Meniere’s Disease
6% of all intracranial tumors Yearly incidence= 10/million/yr Prevalence 0.8% in autopsy studies 2 in 10,000 incidental MRIs
Vestibular Schwannoma (Acoustic Tumor) Neural Hearing Loss
Treatment of Sensorineural Hearing Impairment
Air Conduction Hearing Aids Implantable Hearing Aids Cochlear Implants Assistive Listening Devices Speech and Language Training
