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BACTE 1 > Specimen collection and processing > Flashcards

Specimen collection and processing Flashcards

1
Q

are not recommended for collection because they do
not provide sufficient quantity, are easily contaminated, and
can become dried out, leading to loss of organisms

A

swabs

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2
Q

are appropriate for specimens from the upper
respiratory tract, external ear, eye, and genital tract.

A

swabs

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3
Q

list 3 problems that are usually present in the microbio lab

A

lesions, wounds, and abscess

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4
Q

is not an appropriate specimen source when the
exact anatomic site is not provided

A

wound

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5
Q

what are the most commonly obtained specimens?

A

urine, sputum, and stool

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6
Q

what specimen are often collected for the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia?

A

sputum

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7
Q

what are the most difficult specimen to collect adequately because they are contaminated with oropharyngeal flora?

A

lower respiratory tract specimens

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8
Q

what is the term used for specimens obtained by patients rinsing their mouth with water and cough directly into sterile container?

A

expectorated sputum

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9
Q

what is the term used for specimens obtained by patient aerosolized droplets?

A

induced sputum

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10
Q

what is the specimen of choice for the detection of gastrointestinal pathogens?

A

stool

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11
Q

can be submitted for bacterial culture as long as fecal material is visible on the swab

A

Rectal swabs

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12
Q

if parasites are suspected, two specimens collected within 10 days should be sufficient. True or False?

A

False. It should be three

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13
Q

what is the appropriate ratio of stool to preservative?

A

1:3

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14
Q

appears as a white chalky substance in the specimen and masks the appearance of parasites under the microscope.

A

Barium

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15
Q

Specimen should be transported to the laboratory ideally within ____ of collection and preferably within ____

A

30 minutes; 2 hours

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16
Q

Urine, stool, sputum, bronchial secretions, swabs, and viral specimens can be maintained at what temperature?

A

refrigerator temperature - 4 degrees Celsius for 24 hours

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17
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid can be stores if not processed immediately for what temperature and time?

A

35 degrees Celsius and 6 hours

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18
Q

what two specimen types in which preservatives can be use?

A

urine and stool

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19
Q

is used in commercial products to maintain accurate urine colony counts

A

Boric acid

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20
Q

Stool specimens for bacterial culture that are not transported
immediately to the laboratory can be refrigerated; if the delay
is longer than 2 hours, the specimen can be added to?

A

Cary-Blair transport medium

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21
Q

Stools for ____ assay should be collected without preservative

A

Clostridium difficile

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22
Q

what is the most common anticoagulant used for microbiology specimens?

A

SPS or Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate

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23
Q

_____ is another acceptable anticoagulant and is often
used for viral cultures and for isolation of _____

A

Heparin; Mycobacterium spp.

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24
Q

what anticoagulant are not accepted in the microbio specimens?

A

citrate and EDTA

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25
Q

what transport medium is commonly used?

A

Stuart or Amie

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26
Q

Some transport systems contain charcoal to absorb fatty
acids given off by the swab that can be detrimental to the
survival of?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Bordetella pertussis

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27
Q

Blood is usually placed into a __________ immediately after collection.

A

broth culture medium

28
Q

also can be inoculated into blood culture broth bottles at the bedside

A

Synovial and peritoneal fluids

29
Q

Specimens for N. gonorrhoeae can be placed directly onto a
commercial transport system such as the?

A

JEMBEC system

30
Q

What category is capable of causing permanent disability or life-threatening or fatal disease in otherwise healthy
humans or animals upon exposure?

A

Category A

31
Q

What category have substances are not in a form generally capable of causing permanent disability or life-threatening or
fatal disease in otherwise healthy humans or
animals on exposure?

A

Category B

32
Q

What level of specimen prioritization is Amniotic fluid, blood, brain, csf, heart valves, and pericardial fluid?

A

Level 1 - Critical/Invasive

33
Q

What level of specimen prioritization is Body fluids, bone, drainage from wound, feces, sputum, and tissue?

A

Level 2 - unpreserved

34
Q

What level of specimen prioritization is catheter tip and urine?

A

Level 3 - Quantitation required

35
Q

What level of specimen prioritization is feces in preservative, urine in preservative, and swabs in holding medium?

A

Level 4 - preserved

36
Q

What level of specimen prioritization is classified as critical because they represent a potentially life-threatening illness and are from an invasive source and require immediate processing?

A

Level 1 specimen

37
Q

what level of specimen prioritization is classified as unprotected and may quickly degrade or have overgrowth of contaminating flora?

A

Level 2 specimen

38
Q

what level of specimen prioritization required quantitation?

A

Level 3 specimen

39
Q

what level of specimen prioritization classified as where specimens that arrive in the laboratory in holding or transport media

A

Level 4 specimen

40
Q

the analytic phase of lab testing process beings when the?

A

specimen is received in the lab

41
Q

Gram stain of expectorated sputum reveals fewer
than ________________ and _________per low-power field and mixed bacterial flora.

A

25 white blood cells and 10 epithelial cells

42
Q

________ of the specimen may provide useful
information to both the microbiologist and the physician

A

Gross appearance

43
Q

What is useful tool that provides rapid information?

A

direct microscopic examination

44
Q

support the growth of most non-fastidious microbes.

A

Nonselective media

45
Q

What is the standard nonselective medium?

A

Sheep blood agar

46
Q

support the growth of one type or group of microbes but not another

A

Selective media

47
Q

what is the selective media for enteric gram-negative bacilli?

A

MacConkey agar

48
Q

what is the selective media used for gram positive organisms?

A

Columbia agar with CNA

49
Q

contain growth enhancers that are added to nonselective agar to allow fastidious organisms to flourish.

A

Enriched media

50
Q

is a liquid medium designed to encourage the growth of small numbers of a particular organism while suppressing other flora present.

A

Enrichment broth

51
Q

is used to enhance the growth of group B streptococci.

A

Lim broth

52
Q

can be used as a supplement to agar plates to detect small numbers of most aerobes, anaerobes, and microaerophiles.

A

Broth media

53
Q

Most specimens arrive in the lab are

A

swab, tissue, and fluid

54
Q

Sterile pipette is used to dispense the inoculum onto
plates and broth. Tissues can be prepared for culture by?

A

Homogenization

55
Q

can destroy certain organisms (i.e., fungal elements), in some situations the tissue is minced with sterile scissors and forceps into small pieces suitable for culture.

A

Homogenization

56
Q

Specimens can be inoculated to agar plates by using a ________ to yield a semi quantitative estimate of growth

A

general-purpose isolation streak

57
Q

what grows in ambient air?

A

aerobes

58
Q

it cannot grow in the presence of oxygen and require an anaerobic atmosphere

A

anaerobes

59
Q

grow with reduced oxygen and increased CO2 and can be isolated using jars or bags.

A

microaerophiles

60
Q

Cultures for anaerobes and broth cultures may be held for?

A

5 to 7 days

61
Q

have standardized processing procedures that are well established in the microbiology lab.

A

Routine specimens

62
Q

mass spectrometry that enables definitive identification in a matter of minutes may change the approach that is taken in
the workup of cultures.

A

matrix-assisted laser desorption

63
Q

have standardized processing procedures that are well established in the microbiology lab.

A

Routine specimens

64
Q

is used in many laboratories. Using sterile forceps, a 5- to 7-cm
segment of the catheter is rolled across the surface
of a blood agar plate four times.

A

The Maki roll technique

65
Q

post analytic phase of the laboratory testing process

A

Communication of lab findings

BACTE 1 (6 decks)

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