Microscopic examination of Infected materials

Question 1

who established the germ theory of disease?

Answer 1

Robert Koch

Question 2

developed the Gram stain (allows us to examine a pus specimen directly for the gram-positive Staphylococcus

Answer 2

Christian gram

Question 3

If sample can ONLY be collected through swabs, submit how many swabs?

Answer 3

Two

Question 4

swab is rolled ?

Answer 4

back and forth

Question 5

swab is ____ in specimen for several seconds and use to prepare a _____

Answer 5

immersed; thin spread of material

Question 6

opaque material means ?

Answer 6

it is spread thinly

Question 7

What are the steps to prepare smear from thick, granular, or mucoid material?

Answer 7

1) Place a portion of the sample on the labeled slide, and
press a second slide, with the label down, onto the
sample to flatten or crush the components.
2) Rotate the two glass surfaces against each other so that
the shear forces break up the material.
3) Once the material is flattened and sufficiently thinned, pull
the glass slides smoothly away from each other to
produce two smears.
4) If the material is still too thick, repeat the first three steps
with another (third) glass slide. The best smear or both
smears can be retained for staining.

Question 8

thin specimens should be ?

Answer 8

dropped and not spread

Question 9

what are the examples of thin specimens?

Answer 9

urine, csf, and transudates

Question 10

what is the preferred type for thin fluids

Answer 10

cytocentrifugation

Question 11

fluid should NOT be spread over a larger area of the slide,
UNLESS

Answer 11

Turbid

Question 12

excellent method for preparing non viscous fluids such as
CSF and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids

Answer 12

cytocentrifuge prep

Question 13

imparts an artificial coloration to the smear materials that allows them to be inspected using the
magnification provided by a microscope

Answer 13

staining

Question 14

it colors the form and shapes presents and one of the example is methylene blue

Answer 14

simple stains

Question 15

it colors the specific components presents and examples are gram stain and acid fast stain

Answer 15

differential stain

Question 16

use in identification of an organism

Answer 16

probe mediated stains

Question 17

available stains in ALL diagnostic microbiology laboratory

Answer 17

Gram, acid-fast, calcofluor white, and rapid modified wright giemsa

Question 18

For wet prep in micro examination what type of specimen is use

Answer 18

fluids or semisolids

Question 19

for cytocentrifuged what type of specimen is use

Answer 19

clear or slightly turbid

Question 20

for smear drop prep what type of specimens are used

Answer 20

pus or fluid, tissue homogenate, and swab rinse

Question 21

for smear pellet what type of specimens are use

Answer 21

blood culture and dilute specimen

Question 22

for smear rolled what type of specimen is used

Answer 22

swabbed material

Question 23

for smear imprint what type of specimen is used

Answer 23

tissue

Question 24

a differential stain that allows to distinguish 2 major groups of bacteria while visualizing the morphology and
cellular arrangement of the organisms.

Answer 24

gram staining

Question 25

Crystal violet is rinsed too vigorously. what is the effect?

Answer 25

Poor or no staining or gram (-) organisms

Question 26

Decolorization is prolonged. what is the effect or outcome?

Answer 26

G (+) complex will be removed.
G (+) organisms will not stain

Question 27

Decolorization is insufficient. what is the effect or outcome?

Answer 27

Organisms may be falsely (+)

Question 28

Prolonged exposure to
safranin. what is the effect or outcome?

Answer 28

Gram (+) will be leached from
(+) cells

Question 29

Insufficient exposure to safranin. what is the effect or outcome?

Answer 29

Failure to stain G (-) bacteria & background materials

Question 30

uses heat to drive primary stain into the cell wall

Answer 30

ziehl-neelsen

Question 31

use for identification of mycobacterium spp.

Answer 31

acid fast stain

Question 32

uses detergents to drive primary stain into the cell wall

Answer 32

kinyuon

Question 33

examination of specimens should begin with?

Answer 33

gross visual inspection

Question 34

is the fastest and least expensive method for presumptive diagnosis in these common clinical settings.

Answer 34

simple gram stain or acid fast stain

Question 35

Organisms are readily seen because more than?

Answer 35

105 colony-forming units

Question 36

type of infection that are easily recognized by microscopy and only required limited interpretations

Answer 36

monomicrobial

Question 37

disease related to streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 37

pneumonia

Question 38

disease related to staphylococcus aureus

Answer 38

abscesses or pyodermas

Question 39

disease related to clostridium perfingers

Answer 39

gas gangarene

Question 40

disease related to nocardia spp.

Answer 40

lung abscesses

Question 41

If acid-fast bacteria are suspected, the acid-fast
stain should be performed _____

Answer 41

before an opinion is rendered

Question 42

If a fungal element is not clearly gram-positive, what stain should be performed

Answer 42

calcofluor stain

Question 43

Purulence with red blood cells, neutrophils, protein
background, and necrosis reflects

Answer 43

acute inflammation

Question 44

Mononuclear cells, including lymphocytes, monocytes,
and macrophages, reflect

Answer 44

chronic inflammation

Question 45

for scoring sputum

Answer 45

bartlett’s method

Question 46

method for contamination assessment document

Answer 46

murray-washington

Question 47

emphasizes the ratio between SECs and PMNs.

Answer 47

heineman’s method