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Specific Toxicity Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen

A

N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)

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2
Q

AChE inhibitors, organophosphates (elevated Ach)

A

Atropine > pralidoxime

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3
Q

Antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agents

A

Physostigmine, control hyperthermia

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4
Q

Arsenic

A

Dimercaprol, succimer

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5
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Flumazenil

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6
Q

Beta-blockers

A

Atropine, glucagon

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7
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

100 % O2, hyperbaric O2

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8
Q

Copper

A

Penicillamine, trientine Copper penny

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9
Q

Cyanide

A

Nitrite + thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin

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10
Q

Digitalis (digoxin)

A

Anti-dig Fab fragments

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11
Q

Heparin

A

Protamine sulfate

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12
Q

Iron

A

Deferoxamine, deferasirox, deferiprone

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13
Q

Lead

A

EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer (children), penicillamine

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14
Q

Mercury

A

Dimercaprol, succimer

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15
Q

Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze)

A

Fomepizole > ethanol, dialysis

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16
Q

Methemoglobin

A

Methylene blue, vitamin C

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17
Q

Opioids

A

Naloxone

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18
Q

Salicylates

A

NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine), dialysis

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19
Q

TCAs

A

NaHCO3

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20
Q

Warfarin

A

Vitamin K (delayed), fresh frozen plasma (immediate)

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21
Q

Teratogen: ACE inhibitor

A

Renal damage

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22
Q

Terat: Alkylating agents

A

Absence of digits, multiple anomalies

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23
Q

Terat: Aminoglycosides

A

Ototoxicity (vestib or coch)

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24
Q

Terat: Antiepileptics

A
  • Cardia defects
  • Clefts
  • NT defects
  • Skeletal abnormalities (phalanx/nail hypoplasia, facial dysmorphism)
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25
Q

Terat: Diethylstilbestrol

A

VAGINAL CLEAR CELL ADENOCARCINOMA, congenital Mullerian anomalies

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26
Q

Terat: Folate antagonists

A

NTDs

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27
Q

Terat: Iso(TERAT)inoin

A

multiple severe: micro/hydrocephaly, clefts, cardiac

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28
Q

Terat: Lithium

A

Ebstein anomaly

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29
Q

Terat: Methimazole (anti-thyroid)

A

Aplasia cutis congenita

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30
Q

Terat: Tetracycline

A

Discolored teeth, inhibited bone growth

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31
Q

Terat: Thalidomide (for leprosy skin problems and MM)

A 
Limb defects (phocomelia = flipper limbs)
*thaLIMBdomide*
32
Q

Terat: Warfarin

A

Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities

Keep babies Heppy (happy) with heparin (doesn’t cross placenta)

33
Q

Terat: Cocaine

A

Low birth weight, preterm, IUGR, PLACENTAL ABORTION

cocaine –> vasoconstriction

34
Q

Terat: Smoking (causative agents?)

A

LEADING CAUSE OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, SIDS

nicotine –> vasoconstriction
CO –> impaired O2 delivery

35
Q

Terat: Iodine imbalances

A

Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (cretinism)

36
Q

Terat: Maternal DM

A

CAUDAL REGRESSION SYNDROME (anal atresia, poorly developed lumbar spine and sacrum, SIRENOMELIA = mermaid syndrome), congenital heart defects, NTDs, macrosomia, neonatal HYPOglycemia

37
Q

Terat: methylmercury (swordfish, shark, tilefish, king mackerel)

A

neurotoxicity

38
Q

Terat: Excess Vit A

A

HIGH RISK FOR ABORTION (A = ABORTION) and birth defects

39
Q

Terat: X-rays

A

Microcephaly, intellectual disability

40
Q

Terat: Alcohol

A

= failure of cell migration –> HEART LUNG FISTULA and holoprosencephaly (also Tri 13, and SHH mutations)

FAS characteristic smooth philtrum, thin vermillion border, small palpebral fissures

can also have limb dislocation and heart defects

severe IQ disability (most common cause)

41
Q

Coronary Vasospasm

A

CASE

Cocaine, Amphetamines, Sumatriptan, Ergot Alks

42
Q

Cutaneous Flushing

A

VANNCE

Vancomycin, Adenosine, Niacin, Nitrates, Ca ch blockers, ECHINOCANDINS

43
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

Anthracyclines (-rubicins)

TREAT w dexrazoxane

44
Q

Torsades de pointes

A 
ABCDE
AntiArrhythmics (Ia, III), AntiBiotics (macrolides), AntiCyschotics (haloperidol), AntiDepressants (TCA), AntiEmetics (ondansetron)
45
Q

Adrenocortical insufficiency

A

HPA suppression following glucocorticoid WITHDRAWAL

46
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Lithium and demeclocycline

47
Q

Hot flashes

A

Tamoxifen and clomiphine (SERMs)

48
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Tacrolimus, Protease inhibitors (-navirs), Niacin, HCTZ, Corticosteroids

Taking these Pills Necessitates Having blood Checked

49
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Lithium, Amiodarone, Sulfonamides

50
Q

SIADH

A

Cyclophosphamides, SSRIs, Carbamazepine

51
Q

Acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice

A

Erythromycin

52
Q

Diarrhea

A 
AACCEEMMPQOrS
Acamprosate
Acarbose
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Colchicine
Erythromycin
Ezitimibe
Misoprostol
Metformin
Pramlinitide 
Quinidine
Orlistat (lipase inhibitor)
SSRIs
53
Q

Focal to massive hepatic necrosis

A

Liver “HAVAc”

Halothane, Amanita phalloides, Valproic acid, Acetaminophen

54
Q

Hepatitis

A 
"F RIPS"
Fibrates
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Statins
55
Q

Pancreatitis

A 
"Drugs Causing A Violent Abdominal Distress"
Didanosine
Corticosteroids
Alcohol
Valproic acid
Azathioprine
Diuretics (furosemide, HCTZ)
56
Q

Pill-induced esophagitis

A

Bisphosphonates
Ferrous sulfate
Potassium chloride
Tetracycline

57
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Ampicillin, cephalosporins, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones

58
Q

What is (DRESS) drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms?

A

Potentially fatal
Delayed hypersensitivity (2-8 wks)
Fever, morbilliform skin rash, frequent multi-organ involvement
Tx w corticosteroids and stopping the offending agent

59
Q

DRESS drugs

A

Allopurinol, anticonvulsants, antibiotics, sulfa drugs

60
Q

Gray baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

61
Q

Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency

A 
DIS PAIN
Dapsone
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Primaquine
Aspirin
Ibuprofen 
Nitrofurantoin
62
Q

Megaloblastic anemia

A 
UR having a blast with PMS
HydroxyURea
Phenytoin
Methotrexate
Sulfa drugs
63
Q

Thromboctyopenia

64
Q

Thrombotic complications

A

Estrogen things
OCPs
Hormone replacements
SERMS (tamoxifen, clomiphene, raloxifene)

65
Q

Thrombotic complications

A

Estrogen things
OCPs
Hormone replacements
SERMS (tamoxifen, clomiphene, raloxifene)

66
Q

Fat Redistribition

A

Protease inhibitors and glucocorticoids

67
Q

Gingival hyperplasia

A

Phenytoin, cyclosporine, Ca ch blockers

68
Q

Hyperuricemia (gout)

A 
"Painful Tophi and Feet Need Care"
Pyrazinamide
Thiazide
Furosemide
Niacin
Cyclosporine
69
Q

Myopathy

A 
Statins, fibrates, niacin
Colchicine
Daptomycin, Penicillamine
Glucocorticoids
Hydroxychloroquine
INF-alpha
70
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Aromatase inhibitors, anticonvulsants, corticosteroids, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, GnRH agonists, heparan

71
Q

Photosensitivity

A 
"SAT For a PHOTO"
Sulfonamides,
Amiodarone, 
Tetracycline
5-FU
72
Q

Rash (SJS)

A

Anti-epileptic drugs (LAMOTRIGINE), allopurinol, sulfa drugs, penicillin

73
Q

Drug induced Lupus

A 
"SHIPP-E"
Sulfa drugs
Hydralazine
Isoniazid
Procainamide
Phenytoin
Etanercept
74
Q

Teeth Discoloration

A

Tetracylcines

75
Q

Tendonitis, tendon rupture, and cartilage damage

A

Fluoroquinolones

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