Biochemistry

Question 1

RLS: Glycolysis

and up-regulators

Answer 1

PFK-1; AMP and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate

Question 2

RLS: Gluconeogenesis

and up-regulators

Answer 2

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase; Citrate

Question 3

RLS: TCA cycle

and negative regulators

Answer 3

Isocitrate dehydrogenase; (-) ATP and NADH

*Increased NADH from alcohol metabolism induces repurposing of acetyl-coA here to lipogenesis and ketogenesis

Question 4

RLS: Glycogenolysis

Regulators (3 each)

Answer 4

Glycogen phosphorylase; (+) Epinephrine, glucagon, AMP

(-) G-6-P, insulin, ATP

Question 5

RLS: HMP shunt

+

Answer 5

G6P Dehyrdogenase; NADP+

Question 6

RLS: Glycogenesis

Regulators (+3, -2)

Answer 6

Glycogen synthase; (+) G6P, insulin, CORTISOL

(-) Epinephrine, glucagon

Question 7

synthase vs. synthetase

Answer 7

synthase needs energy source (glycogen synthase) whereas synthetase does not (PRPP synthetase)

Question 8

RLS: De novo pyrimidine synth.

Regulators

Answer 8

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II; (+) ATP, PRPP

(-) UTP

Question 9

RLS: De novo purine synthesis

Answer 9

Glutamine-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) amidotransferase

Question 10

How do AMP, IMP and GMP levels effect de novo purine synth?

Answer 10

All are negative regulators

Question 11

RLS: Urea cycle

N-acetylglutamate?

Answer 11

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I; positive regulator

Question 12

RLS: Fatty acid synthesis

Answer 12

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)

Question 13

Glucagon
citrate
insulin
palmitoyl-coA… regulation of FA synthesis?

Answer 13

-
+
+
-

Question 14

RLS: FA oxidation

Regulator

Answer 14

Carnitine acyltransferase I; malonyl-coA

Question 15

RLS: Ketogenesis

Answer 15

HMG-coA synthase

Question 16

RLS: Cholesterol synthesis

+2, -2

Answer 16

HMG-coA reductase; (+) insulin, THYROXINE

(-) cholesterol, glucagon