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FA > Neuro Path (other) > Flashcards

Neuro Path (other) Flashcards

1
Q

Which two headaches are unilateral?

A

Cluster and Migraine

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2
Q

Duration of cluster headache

A

15 min- 3 hrs; repetitive, but brief

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3
Q

What kind of headache is characterized by steady pain, no photophobia, phonophobia, or aura?

A

Tension

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4
Q

Excrutiating periorbital pain with lacrimation and rhinorrhea?

A

Cluster

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5
Q

Tx for Cluster headache

A

Acute: Sumatriptan and 100% O2
Prevention: Verapamil

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6
Q

What headache lasts between 4-72 hours?

A

Migraine

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7
Q

Duration of tension headache?

A

Constant for an avg of 4-6 hours

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8
Q

Tx for Tension headache

A

Analgesics, NSAIDs, acetaminophen

Chronic pain: amitriptyline

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9
Q

Characteristics of migraine

A

1) Pulsating pain
2) Nausea, photophobia, or phonophobia
3) Aura

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10
Q

Vasoactive peptides, __ and ___, are released during a migraine.

A

Substance P and Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)

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11
Q

Acute tx of migraines

A

Dihydroergotamine, NSAIDS, triptans,

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12
Q

ABC TV prophylactic meds for migraines

A

Amitriptyline
B-blockers
Calcium ch. blockers

Topiramate
Valproate

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13
Q

First-line therapy for trigeminal neuralgia

A

carbamazepine

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14
Q

Akathisia

A

restlessness and intense urge to move

with neuroleptic use or Parkinson’s

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15
Q

Dystonia

A

SUSTAINED, involuntary muscle contractions

ie. Writer’s cramp, blepharospasm (eyelid), torticollis

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16
Q

Non-alcoholic tx for essential tremor

A

Non-selective b-blockers or primidone (barbituate)

17
Q

What enzyme metabolizes MPTP into MPP+ leading to dopaminergic neuron damage?

A

MAO B

inhibit process with selegiline

18
Q

____ are characteristic of Parkinson disease. They are composed of _____ inclusions.

A

Lewy bodies; a-synuclein

19
Q

Trinucleotide repeat on chromosome 4

A

Huntington Disease:

Caudate loses Ach and GABA (CAG)

20
Q

What NT is increased in Huntington’s?

A

Dopamine

21
Q

NMDA-R binding and glutamate excitotoxicity cause __.

A

Neuronal death in Huntington’s

22
Q

___ increases the risk and ____ decreases the risk of sporadic form of Alzheimers.

A

ApoE4 increases risk

ApoE2 decreases risk

23
Q

What proteins are associated with the familial form of AD?

A

APP increase and presenilin 1/2

24
Q

Senile plaques composed of ____ may cause ___ leading to intracranial hemorrhage in AD.

A

Beta-amyloid; amyloid angiopathy

25
Q

Insoluble ___ ____ protein leads to ____, the number of which correlates with the degree of dementia in AD.

A

hyperphosphorylated tau protein; neurofibrillary tangles

26
Q

Histological changes in frontotemporal dementia

A

intracellular inclusions of hyperphosphorylated tau = ROUND Pick bodies OR ubiquitinated TDP-43

27
Q

If you have parkinsonian features with an unusually early onset of dementia and/or visual hallucinations, you are more likely to have…

A

Lewy body dementia (haLewycinations)

Look for intracellular Lewy bodies still

Note: this is NOT Parkinson’s

28
Q

2nd most common cause of dementia in elderly?

A

Vascular dementia (MRI/CT will show multiple cortical and/or subcortical infarcts)

29
Q

Startle myoclonus is associated with ___.

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

30
Q

EEG and CSF findings with CJD

A

Periodic sharp waves on EEG and increased 14-3-3 protein in CSF

31
Q

What are some risk factors of pseudotumor cerebri?

A 
Vitamin A excess
Tetracycline
Danazol
Female
Obesity
32
Q

Tx for IIH?

A

Weight loss, Acetazolamide, Topiramate

33
Q

Lhermitte phenomenon

A

Neck flexion may cause sensation of electric shock running down spine (in MS)

34
Q

Tx for MS spasticity

A 
Baclofen = GABA B agonist
Tizanide= alpha-2 agonist
35
Q

Disease modifying therapies for MS

A

beta-IFN
Glatiramer
Natalizumab

FA (8 decks)

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