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Biol 204 Lab > specific taxon info > Flashcards

specific taxon info Flashcards

1
Q

Metatheria

A
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2
Q

Eutheria

A
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3
Q

Monotremata

A
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4
Q

Aves

A
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5
Q

Crocodilia

A
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6
Q

Lepidosauria

A
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7
Q

Testudinata

A
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8
Q

Amphibia general characteristics

A

thin scaleless skin covered in mucous for cutaneous gas exchange, as well as lungs (in most) for gas exchange

aquatic larval stage, dramatic metamorphosis to terrestrial or semi terrestrial adult stage

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9
Q

Sarcopterygii

A
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10
Q

Actinopterygii

A

HUGE taxon!! approx 30, 000 known species

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11
Q

Holocephali

A

chimaeras

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12
Q

Elasmobranchii

A

sharks, skates, and rays

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13
Q

Petromyzontida

A

lamprays

larval stage that uses a muscular pharyngeal pump, as well as endostyle

during metamorphosis, endostyle transitions into a thyroid gland

SOME (<1/2) species are parasitic, those that aren’t parasitic don’t feed at all as adults just reproduce

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14
Q

Myxinoidea

A

derived character - secondary loss of vertebrae

HAGFISH

can release huge volumes of slime if attacked

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15
Q

deuterostome

A

synapomorphies: pharyngeal slits

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16
Q

chordate characters (list)

A

dorsal hollow nerve chord (most likely)

notochord (synapomorphy for chordates)

pharyngeal slits (likely synapomorphy for deuterostomes)

post-anal tail (hypothesized synapomorphy)

endostyle (synpomorphy)

***@ some stages in development, not necessarily at all life stages

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17
Q

protostomes

A
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18
Q

echinodermata

A

sea stars, sea cucumbers, sea urchins, sand dollars

larvae often have bilateral symmetry but undergo metamorphosis giving adults e pentaradial symmetry

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19
Q

hemichordata

A

includes acorn worms and pterobranchs

dorsal nerve chord is NOT hollow! also has a ventral nerve chord

has a pharynx and pharyngeal slits

body is composed of three regions: the probosis, collar, and trunk

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20
Q

cephalochordata

A

retain all 5 chordate characters all through their lives

look little basic eels, very good example of characters, super simple

breaths water by taking in water through the mouth and out pharynx through slits, out through atriapore

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21
Q

urochordata

A

sea squirts etc

SOME are free flowing, but most are CESSILE as adults (attach to surfaces)

key physiological features: endostyle, large pharynx with slits, an atrium, stomach, buccal siphon (opening on very top), atrial siphon (from which H2O exits), TUNIC

undergoes large metamorphosis, anterior attaches to a surface

22
Q

vertebrata

A

synapomorphies: vertebral column, cranium, muscular pharyngeal pump

23
Q

synapomorphy of protostomes and deuterostomes

A

the coelum (fluid filled body cavity containing the internal organs

24
Q

how can you distinguish between protostomes and deuterostomes?

A

look at their early embryonic development

25
Q

distinguishing between protostomes and deuterostomes from early embryonic development

A

PROTOSTOMES - blastopore forms in the anterior region of the embryo and gives rise to the region of the mouth

DEUTEROSTOMES - blastopore forms in the posterior of the embryo, gives rise to the region of the anus

26
Q

what is the endostyle homologous to in vertebrates

A

thyroid gland

27
Q

3 regions of the hemichordata body

A

probosis, collar, trunk

28
Q

chondrichthyes

A

cartilagenous fish

control buoyancy by producing oils in the liver and by swimming

negatively buoyant, sink if they stop swimming

29
Q

how to cephalochordata guide water through their bodies/take in particles?

A

they create a current using cilia

lining of the pharynx is covered w/ mucus to trap food particles

30
Q

gnathostomata derived characters

A

bone, jaws (derived from the splanchnocranium of the skull), paired pectoral and pelvic fins

31
Q

the vertebral column is a synapomorphy for

A

vertebrates

32
Q

the cranium is a synapomorphy for

A

vertebrates

33
Q

the muscular pharyngeal pump is a synapomorphy for

A

vertebrates

34
Q

agnatha

A

vertebrates without jaws - so has cranium, vertebral column, muscular pharyngeal pump

35
Q

bone is a synapomorphy for

A

gnathostomata

36
Q

jaws are a synapomorphy for

A

gnathostomata

37
Q

secondary loss of vertebrae happened in

A

myxinoidea

38
Q

paired pectoral and pelvic fins are a synapomorphy for

A

gnathostomata

39
Q

teliostomi

A

bony skeletons

synapomorphies - gas bladder acting as a swim bladder in many actinopterygii, in others act as lungs for gas exchange

40
Q

gas bladder is a synapomorphy for

A

teleostomi

41
Q

synapomorphy for sarcopterygii and tetrapods

A

fleshy fins

42
Q

fleshy fins are a synapomorphy for:

A

sarcopterygii and tetrapods

43
Q

sarcopterygii

A

some have paired lungs for gas exchange with air

gas bladder filled with fat and for buoancy not respiration

44
Q

elasmobranchii (general description)

A

cartilagenous fish including sharks, skates, and rays

45
Q

holocephali (general descripton)

A

ratfish <3 they look like rats

46
Q

anamniotes

A

animals like fish and amphibians that do not produce an amnion, chorion, or allantois

47
Q

carapace

A

dorsal portion of turtle’s bony shell

48
Q

plastron

A

ventral portion of turtle’s bony shell

49
Q

oviparous

A

lay eggs (this is what monotremata are)

50
Q

viviparous

A

give birth to free-living young - eutharians, metatharians

Biol 204 Lab (18 decks)

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