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Human Biology > Specific Cellular Deffences Against Pathogens > Flashcards

Specific Cellular Deffences Against Pathogens Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following white blood cells can develop into memory cells?

  1. Phagocyte
  2. B-Lymphocyte
  3. T-Lymphocyte
A

2 and 3

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2
Q

Which is the correct order to show how T-lymphocytes destroy pathogens?

  1. Proteins diffuse into infected cells
  2. T-lymphocytes attach to infected cells
    3, Cell death
  3. Production of self-destructive enzymes
A

2>1>4>3

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3
Q

How many types of lymphocytes are there?

A

2

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4
Q

Which correctly describes the function of a T-lymphocyte?

A

Recognises pathogen antigens on infected cells and induces apoptosis

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5
Q

What is present on the surface of lymphocytes?

A

Specific receptors

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6
Q

What cell is targeted by the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

A

T-lymphocytes

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7
Q

What is the generalised function that involves lymphocytes?

A

Specific immune responses

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8
Q

Which refer to the type of antigen and lymphocyte involved in autoimmunity?

  1. Self-antigens
  2. Non-self-antigens
  3. B lymphocytes
  4. T Lymphocytes
A

1 and 4

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9
Q

What is an allergic reaction?

A

Hypersensitive response by B-lymphocytes

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10
Q

What term describes the consequence of T-lymphocytes responding to self-antigens?

A

Autoimmunity

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11
Q

how do T-lymphocytes help to fight disease?

A

Recognise pathogen antigens on body cells

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12
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Programmed cell death

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13
Q

What do B-lymphocytes produce against antigens, leading to the destruction of the pathogen?

A

Antibodies

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14
Q

What term is used to describe programmed cell death?

A

Apoptosis

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15
Q

Which events occur during primary exposure to an antigen?

  1. Formation of memory cells occur
  2. Antibody production is greater
  3. Antibody production occurs much faster
A

1 only

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16
Q

Which cells are responsible for causing autoimmune diseases?

A

T-lymphocytes

17
Q

What term describes a ‘hypersensitive response’ by B-lymphocytes?

A

Allergic reaction

18
Q

What letter represents the shape of an antibody?

A

Y

19
Q

Which events occur during primary exposure to an antigen?

  1. Formation of memory cells occur
  2. Antibody production is greater
  3. Antibody production occurs much faster
A

1 only

20
Q

Which of the following are examples of autoimmune diseases?

  1. Type 1 Diabetes
  2. Type 2 Diabetes
  3. Rheumatoid arthritis
  4. Atherosclerosis
A

1 and 3

21
Q

What is an allergic reaction?

A

Hypersensitive response by B-lymphocytes

22
Q

What occurs as a response to an antigen binding to the specific receptors on a lymphocyte?

A

Repeated lymphocyte division forming a clonal population of identical lymphocytes

23
Q

What is NOT a secondary response to an exposure of an antigen?

A

Memory cells are formed

24
Q

Memory cells can rapidly give rise to a new clone of lymphocyte. This occurs . . .

A

After the secondary exposure to an antigen

25
Q

What process destroys the antigen-antibody complex?

A

Phagocytosis

26
Q

What do B-lymphocytes produce against antigens, leading to the destruction of the pathogen?

A

Antibodies

27
Q

What term describes the development of memory cells?

A

Immunity

28
Q

What is the function of an antibody?

A

Binds to an antigen inactivating the pathogen

29
Q

Which events occur during secondary exposure to an antigen?

  1. Formation of memory cells occur
  2. Antibody production is greater
  3. Antibody production occurs much faster
A

2 and 3

30
Q

Which cells are responsible for causing autoimmune diseases?

A

T lymphocytes

31
Q

Which apply to individuals with Acquired immune deficiency syndrome?

  1. More vulnerable to other infections
  2. More likely to catch pneumonia
  3. Have a weakened immune system
A

1, 2 and 3

32
Q

B-lymphocytes produce antibodies. How many antigens are antibodies specific to?

A

One

Human Biology (12 decks)

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