Cells Of He Nervous System And Neurotransmitters At Synapse

Question 1

Which are methods by which neurotransmitters are removed?

Answer 1

Degradation by enzymes
Reuptake of neurotransmitter

Question 2

Which organ’s basic working unit is the neuron?

Answer 2

Brain

Question 3

The following statements refer to events that occur when an impulse travels across the synaptic cleft.

1. Neurotransmitters diffuse across the cleft
2. Neurotransmitters stored in vesicles in the pre-synaptic neuron
3. Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the post synaptic neuron
4. Neurotransmitters are released into the cleft

What is the correct sequence to show how an impulse travels across the synaptic cleft?

Answer 3

2>4>1>3

Question 4

What determines if a neuron signal is inhibitory or excitatory?

Answer 4

Receptors

Question 5

A neuron will transmit information to . . .

Answer 5

Other neurons
Muscles
Glands

Question 6

Which are the actions of dopamine?

Answer 6

Induces feelings of pleasure
Reinforces a particular behaviour
Activates a reward pathway in the brain

Question 7

What is the function of the myelin sheath on a neuron?

Answer 7

Increases the speed of conduction of an impulse and insulates the axon

Question 8

What factors increase endorphin production?

Answer 8

Continuous exercise
Severe injury
Stress
Certain foods

Question 9

What neurotransmitter induces feelings of pleasure as well as reinforcing a behaviour?

Answer 9

Dopamine

Question 10

With reference to neurotransmitters, what is an antagonist?

Answer 10

Neurotransmitter that blocks other neurotransmitters

Question 11

What is the nature of the impulse as it travels from the pre-synaptic neuron across the synapse?

Answer 11

Electrical ———> chemical

Question 12

With reference to neurotransmitters, what is an endorphin?

Answer 12

Neurotransmitter involved in reducing the intensity of pain

Question 13

Which of the following identifies the age when myelination occurs, and the impact on responses to a stimulus for a two-year-old child?

What age
Impact on responses before the age of two

Answer 13

Birth to adolescence
Slower and not as coordinated

Question 14

What stimulus will result in the convergence of neuronal pathways, ensuring that the threshold is reached?

Answer 14

Weak

Question 15

With reference to neurotransmitters, what is an agonist?

Answer 15

Neurotransmitter that mimics other neurotransmitters

Question 16

What is the effects of disease on myelination and the impact on responses to stimuli
(2 effects)

Answer 16

Loss of the myelin sheath

Loss of co-ordination to stimuli

Question 17

On a neuron, what structure produces the myelin sheath?

Answer 17

Glial cells

Question 18

With reference to neurotransmitters, what is dopamine?

Answer 18

Neurotransmitter that induces feelings of pleasure and reinforces a particular behaviour

Question 19

What neurotransmitter is involved in reducing the intensity of pain?

Answer 19

Endorphins

Question 20

Drugs can cause an enhanced effect of neurotransmitters on the post synaptic neuron.
What are they?

Answer 20

Inhibiting the re-uptake of neurotransmitters

Inhibits enzymes that breakdown neurotransmitters

Question 21

If a stimulus is weak, which neuronal pathway can ensure that the threshold is reached, and an impulse triggered?

Answer 21

Convergent

Question 22

What is summation

Answer 22

a series of weak stimuli can combine, increasing the amount of neurotransmitter that is released