Gene Expression Achieve Flashcards
RNA splicing involves the removal of introns and splicing together of exons. Which molecule is produced from this process?
Mature mRNA transcript
With which molecule does rRNA combine to form the ribosome?
Protein
What are processes involved in the gene expression of DNA sequences?
Transcription and translation
What is RNA splicing
Important info (exons) are taken and kept in order to understand
During the process of RNA splicing, introns are removed. What type of regions are introns?
Non-coding
Transcription involves the production of an mRNA molecule. What is the name of the mRNA molecule?
Primary mRNA transcript
What is alternate splicing
Where Different mature mRNA transcripts produced from one primary transcript
Which RNA molecule combines with proteins to form ribosomes?
rRNA
What is in an RNA nucleotide
Ribose sugar, phosphate and nitrogenous base
The following are stages of the process of transcription.
X – Primary mRNA transcript produced
Y – Unwinding and breaking of hydrogen bonds between DNA bases
Z – RNA nucleotides added to the 3’ end of the growing chain.
Which of these shows the stages of transcription in the correct order?
Y → Z → X
Different proteins are produced from one gene because of alternative RNA splicing.
Why?
Different mature mRNA transcripts are produced depending on which exons are retained
Polypeptide chains fold to form a three-dimensional shape. Which bonds hold this three-dimensional shape in place?
Hydrogen bonds
Where in a cell does the process of translation take place?
Ribosome
What bonds amino acids together to form polypeptide chains?
Peptide bonds
In a cell, genes can be expressed, and proteins made. How many genes are expressed within a cell?
Only a fraction of genes are expressed
The following processes relate to the genome of an organism.
1) Transcription
2) Translation
3) Transcription and translation
Which process(es) (if any) relate to gene expression?
3 only
RNA is a nucleic acid composed of RNA Nucleotides. What is in an RNA nucleotide
Phosphate, ribose sugar and Adenine
What cellular structure is formed when rRNA combines with proteins?
Ribosome
What term describes three bases on an tRNA molecule?
Anticodon
What term describes three bases on an mRNA molecule?
Codon
What is the function of an mRNA molecule?
Carries a complimentary copy of the DNA from the nucleus to the ribosome
During the process of RNA splicing, exons are spliced together. What type of regions are exons?
Coding regions
What are the 4 differences between DNA and RNA
RNA has 1 stand and DNA has 2 strands (double helix)
RNA has uracil while DNA has thymine
RNA has ribose sugar while DNA has deoxyribose sugar
DNA can only be found inside the nucleus of a cell while RNA can be found in out out of the nucleus
Which process enables different proteins to be expressed from one gene?
Alternative splicing
The physical expression of a characteristic is determined by the protein produced as a result of gene expression.
What term describes this physical expression of a characteristic?
Phenotype
Transcription results in the production of a primary mRNA transcript. What is the name of the enzyme which produced this transcript?
RNA polymerase
