Species Differentiation in Reproduction (Lec 7)

Question 1

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 1

Offspring originates from a single organism and inherits parent’s genome

Question 2

Asexual Reproduction: Pros

Answer 2

Speed, advantage for small population, not complex, requires little energy

Question 3

Asexual Reproduction: Cons

Answer 3

Little genetic diversity, overcrowding

Question 4

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 4

Consists of gamete formation, fertilization, and development of zygote

Question 5

Sexual Reproduction: Pros

Answer 5

Introduces genetic diversity, advantage for changing environments, sharing of beneficial genes

Question 6

Sexual Reproduction: Cons

Answer 6

Cost intensive, fewer offspring

Question 7

Oviparity

Answer 7

Fertilized eggs laid outside mother, no subsequent nourishment from mother

Question 8

Viviparity

Answer 8

Fertilised eggs retained within mother, direct nourishment from mother

Question 9

Ovoviviparity

Answer 9

Fertilised eggs retained within mother, no direct nourishment from mother

Question 10

External Fertilization

Answer 10

Gametes fuse outside female’s body

• both gametes usually released into aquatic environment, protects eggs from drying out
• risk of predation

Question 11

Internal Fertilization

Answer 11

Gametes fuse within female’s body

• protecting eggs from predation
• increases likelihood of fertilization

Question 12

Sexual Selection

Answer 12

Form of natural selection where one sex has perference for certain characteristics in oppositely sexed individuals

• Often leads to sexual dimorphism
• Secondary sexual characteristics

Question 13

Indirect Male Competition: 1st Male Advantage

Answer 13

Mate Guarding: male remains close to female after mating
Copulatory Plugs: sticky residue inside male’s ejaculate that temporarily blocks female’s reproductive tract to prevent other male’s sperm

Question 14

Indirect Male Competition: 2st Male Advantage

Answer 14

Elaborate Penis Morphology: aids in removal of sperm from previous male
Large Semen Quantity: large volume helps flush out previous male’s sperm and increases likelihood of fertilization