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Biology > Specialized Cells > Flashcards

Specialized Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the specialized organelles of the neuron?

A

Vesicles.

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2
Q

What is the function of the specialized organelles of the neuron?

A

Transports neurotransmitters and transmits signals.

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3
Q

What happens at the cell level if a neuron is damaged?

A

The nervous system will fail. The vesicle can’t transport the neurotransmitter that transmits the signal.

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4
Q

What happens at the organ level if a neuron is damaged?

A

Vesicles can’t transport transmitters out and into the brain.

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5
Q

What happens at the organism level if a neuron is damaged?

A

Organism will have brain damage, possible paralysis.

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6
Q

What are the specialized organelles of the pancreatic cell?

A

Vesicles

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7
Q

What is the function of the specialized organelles of the pancreatic cell?

A

Process and transport nutrients out of the cell and in the bloodstream. Insulin regulates sugar in the body.

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8
Q

What happens at the cell level if a pancreatic cell is damaged?

A

Insulin wouldn’t reach the bloodstream and regulate the sugar.

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9
Q

What happens at the organ level if a pancreatic cell is damaged?

A

The vesicle would not be able to transport out of the cell to the pancreas and into the bloodstream.

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10
Q

What happens at the organism level if a pancreatic cell is damaged?

A

High glucose levels, type one or two diabetes.

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11
Q

What are the specialized organelles of actin and myosin?

A

Cytoskeleton and mitochondria

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12
Q

What is the function of the specialized organelles of the muscle cells?

A

The cytoskeleton is good for support, mitochondria for energy. You need the energy to contract muscles.

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13
Q

What happens at the cell level if muscle cells are damaged?

A

Actin and myosin cannot form an overlapping pattern of retracting or contraction which causes the muscle to not function.

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14
Q

What happens at the organ level if muscle cells are damaged?

A

The cytoskeleton is damaged, cannot retract or contract, cannot work well. Mitochondria will cause the muscles to be weak.

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15
Q

What happens at the organism level if muscle cells are damaged?

A

Muscle fatigue, oxygen deprivation, muscular dystrophy.

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16
Q

What is the specialized organelle of the villus?

A

Microvilli

17
Q

What is the function of microvilli and villus?

A

The microvilli, inside of Villus, helps absorb nutrients in the intestine.

18
Q

What happens at the cell level if the villus is damaged?

A

Would not be able to absorb as many nutrients, the Villus would clot with too many nutrients.
Microvilli and intestinal absorption cells wouldn’t be as useful.

19
Q

What happens at the organ level if the villus is damaged?

A

The bloodstream would not be able to absorb nutrients or sugar without microvilli.

20
Q

What happens at the organism level if the villus is damaged?

A

Cells wouldn’t get the necessary nutrients. Celiac disease, can’t eat glucose.

21
Q

What are the specialized organelles of a macrophage?

A

A vesicle, Lysosome, Cell membrane, and pseudopod

22
Q

What is the function of the specialized organelles of a macrophage?

A

The cell uses its cell wall and pseudopodia to engulf bacteria, and lysosomes digest the bacteria and break it down. When the molecule of the digested bacteria is flushed out, the helper t- cells are alerted of a potential bacteria.

23
Q

What would happen at the cell level if the macrophage is damaged?

A

If the vesicles were missing/damaged the bacterium would not be able to be captured and therefore not eaten and destroyed and the cell would die. If the lysosomes were gone then the cell would not be able to digest and the bacterium would just be left in the cell most likely eventually killing it.

24
Q

What would happen at the organ level if the macrophage is damaged?

A

Organs would get infected by the bacterium and stop performing their functions.

25
Q

What would happen at the organism level if the macrophage is damaged?

A

The organism will experience a weakened immune system. In rare cases, after the bacteria has spread to a majority of the major organs, the organism will die.

26
Q

What is the specialized organelle of the sperm?

A

The flagellum

27
Q

What is the function of the specialized organelles of a sperm?

A

The flagellum helps the sperm move. The mitochondria have the energy to move the flagellum.

28
Q

What would happen at the cell level if the sperm cell was damaged?

A

Sperm wouldn’t be able to move.

29
Q

What would happen at the organ and organism level if the sperm cell was damaged?

A

The organism wouldn’t be able to reproduce. (Infertility)

30
Q

Which cells have specialized receptor proteins on their cell membranes?

A

Neurons and Macrophages

31
Q

Which cells function due to a high number of vesicles?

A

Pancreatic cells and neurons

32
Q

Which cells function due to a high number of mitochondria?

A

Sperm cells and muscle cells.

Biology (12 decks)

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